Power scaling of fiber lasers and amplifiers is currently limited by nonlinear optical effects, such as transverse mode instability (TMI) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Addressing optical nonlinearities through a material approach allows for such challenges to be confronted at their source - the interaction of the light and the material without the need for complex fiber designs. However, effectively mitigating these issues through materials engineering will require much higher dopant concentrations than are now typical for the chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD)-derived silicate glasses from which modern commercial laser fibers are made. As dopant concentrations are increased, new fabrication challenges arise, such as draw-induced, refractive-index changes not related to frozen-in stresses. This paper presents an initial report of these new challenges and offers suggestions to their cause.
This contribution presents temperature-dependent and site-selective spectroscopy measurements of Yb, Al, F co-doped silica. White light absorption and fluorescence measurements using a multimode 915 nm diode for excitation were both made over the range 77 K to 420 K. Low temperature measurements allow determination of the Stark levels. The high temperature measurements allow quantification of how the laser cross-sections vary with temperature over intervals applicable to high power laser operation. Between room temperature and 420 K, the cross-sections for some spectral regions change by more than 10%, whereas other regions are essentially unchanged over the same temperature range.
Recent years have seen silica emerge as a viable material for optical refrigeration with potential applications in directed energy, integrated photonics, and precision metrology. Proper characterization of potential composition profiles is vital for optimization. Here, static photoluminescence spectroscopy of a Yb, Al co-doped silica sample over the temperature range 80 K to 300 K reveals the emission lineshape is dependent on the excitation wavelength. The impact this has on extracted laser cooling parameters is discussed.
Record laser cooling of Yb-doped silica by 18.4 K and 6.3 K was observed in vacuum and atmospheric pressure conditions, respectively. We present a detailed investigation into the optical refrigeration of ytterbium doped silica glass for both in-air and in-vacuum conditions using various pump powers. Temperature measurements were made relative to the room temperature using thermal camera imaging and differential luminescence thermometry. Through analysis of the temporal behavior of the temperature differential at the start of the in-vacuum experiments, we find the cooling efficiency of the studied silicates to be 0.66 ± 0.07%.
Record laser cooling of Yb-doped silica by 18.4 K was recently observed in vacuum. There is a strong indication pointing to even stronger laser-cooling of Yb-doped silica. In light of these results, a radiation-balanced fiber laser in which cooling from spontaneous emission offsets waste heat generation appears more feasible than before. We will discuss the possibility of a radiation-balanced fiber laser, the similarities and differences with the conventional fiber lasers, and performance issues.
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