DESHIMA 2.0 is an ultra-wideband submillimeter spectrometer based on integrated superconducting microstrip filters and Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs). We have successfully demonstrated its ultra-wideband performance in the laboratory. The measured instantaneous frequency coverage with ~300 MKIDs is 225-415 GHz, with a mean filter Q of ~670. The broadband quasi-optical chain of the instrument is characterized by beam patterns across the whole frequency range that are obtained simultaneously by a novel phase-amplitude beam measurement technique. We plan to deploy the instrument on the ASTE telescope for a commissioning and science verification campaign in 2022-2023.
Superconducting circuit elements used in millimeter-submillimeter (mm-submm) astronomy would greatly benefit from deposited dielectrics with small dielectric loss and noise. This will enable the use of multilayer circuit elements and thereby increase the efficiency of mm-submm filters and allow for a miniaturization of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs). Amorphous dielectrics introduce excess loss and noise compared with their crystalline counterparts, due to two-level system defects of unknown microscopic origin. We deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon films using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, at substrate temperatures of 100°C, 250°C, and 350°C. The measured void volume fraction, hydrogen content, microstructure parameter, and bond-angle disorder are negatively correlated with the substrate temperature. All three films have a loss tangent below 10 − 5 for a resonator energy of 105 photons, at 120 mK and 4 to 7 GHz. This makes these films promising for MKIDs and on-chip mm-submm filters.
Superconducting resonators used in millimeter-submillimeter astronomy would greatly benefit from deposited dielectrics with a small dielectric loss. We deposited hydrogenated amorphous silicon films using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, at substrate temperatures of 100°C, 250°C and 350°C. The measured void volume fraction, hydrogen content, microstructure parameter, and bond-angle disorder are negatively correlated with the substrate temperature. All three films have a loss tangent below 10−5 for a resonator energy of 105 photons, at 120 mK and 4–7 GHz. This makes these films promising for microwave kinetic inductance detectors and on-chip millimeter-submilimeter filters.
The integrated superconducting spectrometer (ISS) enables ultra-wideband, large field-of-view integral-field-spectrometer designs for mm-submm wave astronomy. DESHIMA 2.0 is a single-pixel ISS spectrometer for the ASTE 10-m telescope, designed to observe the 220-440 GHz band in a single shot, corresponding to a [CII] redshift range of z=3.3-7.6. The first-light experiment of DESHIMA, using a 332-377 GHz configuration has shown excellent consistency between the performance derived from on-sky measurements, lab-measurements and the design. Ongoing upgrades towards the octave-bandwidth full system include the development of a filterbank chip with ~350 channels and higher optical efficiency, a wideband quasioptical design, and observing methods for efficiently removing the atmosphere.
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