This work presents a novel quantification of the cancer extension using a latent space embedded metrics of a variational autoencoder which captures the invariant patterns of the disease and projects them into a smaller latent space where data relations are linear, making it possible to apply simple metrics to quantify complicated relations. Selected patches of non-small cell lung cancer are projected to such latent space and a logistic regression model assigns an Euclidean distance between the patches projected in space. A simple grouping strategy quantitatively stratifies the characteristic patterns of the most representative patches for both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung cancer classes but it also estimates the composition of a mixture of patterns. This approach is fully interpretable, integrable with a pathology work flow and an objective characterization of diseases with complex patterns.
KEYWORDS: Magnetic resonance imaging, Image filtering, Prostate, Convolutional neural networks, Tumor growth modeling, Prostate cancer, Linear filtering, Digital filtering, Computer programming, Signal to noise ratio
This article introduces a novel adaptive frequency saliency model (AFSM) that selects relevant information by filtering an image with a set of band pass filters optimally placed in the frequency space using an auto- encoder CNN. The obtained images show a higher signal-to-noise ratio and therefore they improve a classifier performance. The proposed method is challenged by a classification task: prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be labeled as cancerous or non-cancerous tissue. Evaluation in this case was carried out by training a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a prostate dataset but at the testing phase, the trained model is assessed with non-filtered and filtered images. The classifier tried with filtered images outperformed the results obtained with the non filtered ones (classification accuracy scores of 0.792± 0.016 and 0.776± 0.036 respectively), demonstrating better overall performance and the importance of using filtering processes.
Histopathological evaluation plays a crucial role in the process of understanding lung cancer biology. Such evaluation consists in analyzing patterns related with tissue structure and cell morphology to identify the presence of cancer and the associated subtype. This investigation presents a multi-level texture approach to differentiate the two main lung cancer subtypes, adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), by estimating global spatial patterns in terms of cell density. Such patterns correspond to texture features computed from cell density distribution in a co-occurrence frame. Results using the proposed approach achieved an accuracy of 0.72 and F-score of 0.72.
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