Prof. Charles R. Bostater Profile

Prof. Charles R. Bostater

Professor at Florida Institute of Technology

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Chair | Editor | Author

Area of Expertise:

Airborne & In-Situ Remote Sensing , Freshwater and Coastal Sensing , Hyperspectral Imaging & Simulation , Submerged Target Detection & Modeling , Photogrammetric Engineering , Hyperspectral Synthetic Image Generation

Websites:

Company Website

Profile Summary

Dr. Bostater is in the College of Engineering and Science at Florida Institute of Technology. He is the Director of the Marine & Environmental Optics & Remote Sensing Lab and the University's Remote Sensing Center. As an Associate Professor in the University he teaches the Physics of Oceans & Atmospheres; Remote Sensing; GIS. Dr. Bostater is an expert in Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging and Data Fusion of these data types with photogrammetric engineering imagery.

Dr. Bostater also has pioneered the use of Monte Carlo and Analytical Radiative Transfer Models for use in water surface and subsurface target detection.

He also is involved with remote sensing of vegetation stress detection and remote sensing for water quality applications in freshwater, coastal and nearby coastal ocean habitats.

He is the named inventor on four international patents for noncontact remote sensing probes and sondes.

His research concerns Surface & Subsurface Sensing Technologies and Robotic Systems (STARS)

He was elected SPIE Fellow in 2019 and was elected IEEE Senior Member, 2022.

Publications (71)

Proceedings Article | 17 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Presentation + Paper

Space coast Florida turbid shallow water Monte-Carlo modeling to support satellite algorithm development for WorldView-3 imagery

Charles Bostater, Tyler Rotkiske

Proceedings Volume 12728, 127280F (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2685877

KEYWORDS: Water, Satellites, Algorithm development, Turbidity, Satellite imaging, Modeling, Coastal modeling, Visibility, Simulations, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 17 October 2023 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Poster + Presentation + Paper

Coastal water feature extraction using airborne hyperspectral imagery in shallow estuarine water

Charles Bostater, T. Ghir

Proceedings Volume 12728, 1272809 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2680314

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Feature extraction, Hyperspectral imaging, Remote sensing, Vegetation, Water, Raster graphics, Ocean optics, Artificial intelligence, Sensors, Multispectral sensing

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Proceedings Article | 15 November 2022 Presentation

Presentation

Monte Carlo modeling of shallow marine waters

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 12263, 1226307 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2638996

KEYWORDS: Water, Monte Carlo methods, Coastal modeling, Ocean optics, Systems modeling, Sensors, Satellites, Satellite imaging, Imaging systems, Image transmission

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Proceedings Article | 15 November 2022 Presentation

Presentation

Understanding the effects of sensor wiewing and illumination geometry upon satellite-derived images of coastal waters

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 12263, 122630A (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2638997

KEYWORDS: Water, Sensors, Satellites, Satellite imaging, Earth observing sensors, Analytical research, Ocean optics, Sun, Sensing systems, Remote sensing

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2021 Paper

Paper

A WorldView-3 multispectral glint correction methodology and relation to hyperspectral signatures in space coast Florida waters

Andrea Taggart, Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 11857, 118570L (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2600572

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Signal attenuation, Satellites, Satellite imaging, Sun, Earth observing sensors, Sensors, Fourier transforms, Atmospheric corrections, Water

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2021 Paper

Paper

On the use of suborbital drone imaging and in-situ calibrations of the water surface for characterization of water waves: a space-time imaging approach

Jennifer Closson, Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 11857, 118570E (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2601716

KEYWORDS: Video, Wind energy, Sun, Water, Cameras, Sensors, Spatial resolution, Satellites, RGB color model, Monte Carlo methods

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2021 Paper

Paper

Advancements to Monte-Carlo modeling of the underwater light field using synthetic water surface slopes and synthetic bottom reflectance signatures

Tyler Rotkiske, Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 11857, 1185708 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2601703

KEYWORDS: Water, Monte Carlo methods, Photons, Reflectivity, Scattering, Absorption, Mathematical modeling, Backscatter, 3D modeling

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Proceedings Article | 14 October 2019 Paper

Paper

Remote sensing of water surface small gravity waves characteristics using fixed platform and drone imagery

Charles Bostater, Jennifer Closson

Proceedings Volume 11150, 111500D (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2533788

KEYWORDS: Multispectral sensing, Video, Wind energy, Water, Cameras, Ocean optics, Acoustics, Calibration, Reflectivity, Image analysis, Hyperspectral imaging

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Proceedings Article | 14 October 2019 Paper

Paper

Water wave glint corrections, water depth, light attenuation, and WorldView-3 remote sensing algorithms for Indian River lagoon

Charles Bostater, Samin Aziz

Proceedings Volume 11150, 111500A (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2534093

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Signal attenuation, Water, Satellites, Monte Carlo methods, Satellite imaging, Remote sensing, Earth observing sensors, Spatial resolution, Visibility

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Proceedings Article | 15 October 2018 Paper

Paper

Hyperspectral in-situ attenuation depths and their relation to satellite imagery in two southeastern US estuaries

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 10784, 107840E (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2326799

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Water, Monte Carlo methods, Signal attenuation, Photons, Scattering, Remote sensing, Satellites, Satellite imaging, Visibility

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Proceedings Article | 12 October 2018 Paper

Paper

Multiresolution earth remote sensing approach

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 10784, 107840V (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2515670

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Image fusion, Remote sensing, Hyperspectral imaging, Spatial resolution, Monte Carlo methods, RGB color model, Sensors, Water, Sun, Water contamination

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Satellite and airborne remote sensing results are shown and indicate the need for continued development of simultaneous use of sensors systems on the same platform, simultaneously collecting imagery at different spectral and spatial resolutions. When multiresolution imagery is collected simultaneously, high quality spatial and spectral image fusion techniques can be applied to the different sensor field of views that helps to improve detection of earth surface features and targets. Multispectral imagery fused with hyperspectral imagery described and results shown in this paper indicates the ability to detect subsurface water features along Florida littoral zones and coastal water regions. The use of multiresolution imaging from the same remote sensing platform provides a valuable approach for detecting sun glint regions and reflectance due to water wave facets and the presence of breaking waves. In littoral regions along Space Coast Florida and the Indian River Lagoon, surface bidirectional reflectance increases 5-6 times the background water surface reflectance, making typical water column constituent estimation questionable. The detection of the influence of surface water gravity waves can be modeled or easily detected using ground sampling distances or spatial resolutions less than or near 0.3 m. Spatial resolutions of approximately one meter or greater do not allow suitable detection of pixels affected by water waves. Satellite imagery based directional reflectance using ground sampling distance greater than 1 meter is contaminated by water wave facet reflection, breaking waves and sun glint effects. Thus bio-geophysical variables such as chlorophyll pigments, suspended matter, dissolved organic matter and light attenuation depths are biased. This bias effect can only be estimated reliably by using small spatial resolution imagery with knowledge gained from analytical and Monte Carlo radiative transfer modeling and multiresolution fused imagery. Application of transferable remote sensing algorithms for water quality applications require bidirectional reflectance corrections for water waves, sun glint, and wave facet effects. Example high quality WorldView-3 multispectral and panchromatic clearly shows the water wave facet reflectance effects that is imbedded into larger GSD imagery of water regions and littoral zones and as shown in hyperspectral Monte Carlo model results.

Proceedings Article | 5 October 2018 Paper

Paper

Influence of bottom depths and bottom types on water surface reflectance

Tyler Rotkiske, Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 10784, 107840B (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2515669

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Proceedings Article | 16 October 2017 Paper

Paper

Hyperspectral signatures and WorldView-3 imagery of Indian River Lagoon and Banana River Estuarine water and bottom types

Charles Bostater, Taylor Oney, Tyler Rotkiske, Samin Aziz, Charles Morrisette, Kelby Callahan, Devin Mcallister

Proceedings Volume 10422, 104220E (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2288511

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Hyperspectral imaging, Sensors, Imaging systems, Satellites, Water, Satellite imaging, Absorption, Remote sensing, Earth observing sensors

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2017 Paper

Paper

Collection and corrections of oblique multiangle hyperspectral bidirectional reflectance imagery of the water surface

Charles Bostater, Taylor Oney

Proceedings Volume 10422, 1042209 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2277088

KEYWORDS: Hyperspectral imaging, Reflectivity, Coastal modeling, Submerged target modeling, Image quality, Image restoration, Image registration, Surf zone, Data modeling, Remote sensing

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Proceedings Article | 1 December 2016 Paper

Paper

Platforms for hyperspectral imaging, in-situ optical and acoustical imaging in urbanized regions

Charles Bostater, Taylor Oney

Proceedings Volume 9999, 99990L (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262094

KEYWORDS: Hyperspectral imaging, Ocean optics, Acoustics, Reflectivity, Imaging systems, Calibration, Surf zone, Remote sensing, Water, Fluctuations and noise

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Proceedings Article | 18 November 2016 Paper

Paper

Hyperspectral reflectance signature protocol for predicting subsurface bottom reflectance in water: in-situ and analytical methods

Charles Bostater, Tyler Rotkiske, Taylor Oney

Proceedings Volume 9999, 99990N (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2241547

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Hyperspectral imaging, Remote sensing, Radiative transfer, Water, Backscatter, Ocean optics, Signal attenuation, Absorption, Algorithm development

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2016 Paper

Paper

A new multispectral imaging instrument for in-situ characterization of flocs and colloidal aggregates in natural waters

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 9862, 98620K (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2230386

KEYWORDS: Particles, Water, Cameras, Imaging systems, Acoustics, Light emitting diodes, Ocean optics, Particle systems, Glasses, Waveguides

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In-situ sampling, characterization and quantification of colloidal aggregates and flocs in ambient water is complex but needed in order to understand their role in development and maintenance of moving fluid muds, muck, bottom boundary lutocline layers and nephelometric interfaces in aquatic systems. These bottom boundary interfaces and associated processes contribute to sedimentation, particle deposition and resuspension of total particulate matter and associated nutrients. Increasing the scientific understanding of the above requires advances in environmental sensing instrumentation (passive and active) to successfully understand these aquatic interfaces. Standalone in-situ sensors that automatically perform multiple steps including sampling, separation, and detection have the potential to greatly advance analytical science. A new in-situ multispectral optical camera system for environmental monitoring and surveillance of delicate flocs and related aggregate structures is described. Results of the system show that flocs - 0.1 mm –10.2 mm diameter (mean diameter of 2.77 mm), with a variance of 5.952 mm and a median effective cross-section area of 30 mm² can be measured using the passive multispectral optical imaging system. The system is lightweight, compact and suitable for shallow or deep water deployment. When combined with fixed station acoustic echogram instruments, nephelometric (turbidity) waves can be easily observed. Time sequential analysis of imagery allows the system to be used as an optical particle velocimetry system (OPVS). Initial shallow water testing resulted in Lagrangian particle velocities of 0.3 to 3 cm sec^-1 to be measured. Similar results were obtained from an acoustic velocity current meter (MAVS3) and a Marsh McBirney 201D electromagnetic current meters. When combined with results from direct methods using sondes for estimating sediment mass fluxes, the combined systems provide data necessary for sediment and water quality modeling. The new optical sensor system will help address analytical needs reported in past studies and provides a new standard method and protocol for measuring the movement of sediment and particulates in the aquatic bottom boundary layers.

Proceedings Article | 21 October 2015 Paper

Paper

An approach to optimal hyperspectral and multispectral signature and image fusion for detecting hidden targets on shorelines

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 9653, 96530I (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2196293

KEYWORDS: Image fusion, Sensors, Image processing, Data fusion, Cameras, Spatial resolution, Image enhancement, Hyperspectral imaging, Target detection, Data modeling

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Hyperspectral and multispectral imagery of shorelines collected from airborne and shipborne platforms are used following pushbroom imagery corrections using inertial motion motions units and augmented global positioning data and Kalman filtering. Corrected radiance or reflectance images are then used to optimize synthetic high spatial resolution spectral signatures resulting from an optimized data fusion process. The process demonstrated utilizes littoral zone features from imagery acquired in the Gulf of Mexico region. Shoreline imagery along the Banana River, Florida, is presented that utilizes a technique that makes use of numerically embedded targets in both higher spatial resolution multispectral images and lower spatial resolution hyperspectral imagery. The fusion process developed utilizes optimization procedures that include random selection of regions and pixels in the imagery, and minimizing the difference between the synthetic signatures and observed signatures. The optimized data fusion approach allows detection of spectral anomalies in the resolution enhanced data cubes. Spectral-spatial anomaly detection is demonstrated using numerically embedded line targets within actual imagery. The approach allows one to test spectral signature anomaly detection and to identify features and targets. The optimized data fusion techniques and software allows one to perform sensitivity analysis and optimization in the singular value decomposition model building process and the 2-D Butterworth cutoff frequency and order numerical selection process. The data fusion “synthetic imagery” forms a basis for spectral-spatial resolution enhancement for optimal band selection and remote sensing algorithm development within “spectral anomaly areas”. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates the data fusion methodology is most sensitive to (a) the pixels and features used in the SVD model building process and (b) the 2-D Butterworth cutoff frequency optimized by application of K-S nonparametric test. The image fusion protocol is transferable to sensor data acquired from other platforms, including moving platforms as demonstrated.

Proceedings Article | 14 October 2015 Paper

Paper

Moving fluid mud sondes, optical and acoustic sensing methods in support of coastal waterway dredging

Charles Bostater, Tyler Rotkiske

Proceedings Volume 9638, 96380F (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2195829

KEYWORDS: Particles, Acoustics, Imaging systems, Water, Ocean optics, Airborne remote sensing, Sensing systems, Sensors, Remote sensing, Velocimetry

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Proceedings Article | 14 October 2014 Paper

Paper

Shallow water surface gravity wave imaging, spectra and their use in shallow water dredging operations

Charles Bostater, Bingyu Yang

Proceedings Volume 9240, 92400K (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2070184

KEYWORDS: Water, Video, Spectral models, Monte Carlo methods, Calibration, Particles, Reflectivity, Remote sensing, Sensors, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 24 October 2013 Paper

Paper

Use of ground penetrating radar for determination of water table depth and subsurface soil characteristics at Kennedy Space Center

Gideon Hengari, Carlton Hall, Tim Kozusko, Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 8893, 889318 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030023

KEYWORDS: General packet radio service, Dielectrics, Radar, Water, Soil science, Antennas, Radio propagation, Wave propagation, Ground penetrating radar, Reflection

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Proceedings Article | 22 October 2013 Paper

Paper

Operational multi-angle hyperspectral remote sensing for feature detection

Charles Bostater, Donald Brooks

Proceedings Volume 8888, 88880C (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2030030

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Hyperspectral imaging, Imaging systems, Reflectivity, Remote sensing, Satellites, Vegetation, Image sensors, Water, Sensing systems

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Proceedings Article | 22 October 2012 Paper

Paper

Resolution enhancement optimizations for hyperspectral and multispectral synthetic image fusion

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 8532, 85320E (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.974596

KEYWORDS: Image fusion, Image enhancement, Image processing, Resolution enhancement technologies, Image resolution, RGB color model, Data fusion, Hyperspectral imaging, Spatial resolution, Remote sensing

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Many sensor systems are available for sensing the earth surface from satellites as well as airborne and mobile platforms. Thus, fusing data from multiple sensors is becoming a common theme in earth remote sensing. A major goal of remote sensing image fusion is resolution enhancement. In this paper, optimization techniques are presented and discussed in order to help make an image fusion process a practical method for not only spectral signature based image analysis but also for algorithm development in remote sensing of water. The technique described and explored in this paper includes the identification of feature areas, stratified random pixel selection, singular value decomposition model building for synthetic image generation, and optimization of the 2D Butterworth filter cutoff and order coefficients in a spectral and spatial resolution enhancement protocol. The process is also called spatial sharpening of hyperspectral imagery as presented in this paper. Examples of methods for estimating errors in the data fusion process are also described using coastal littoral zone remote sensing imagery with an emphasis on weathered oil scenes. The optimization and testing of a data fusion methodology or protocol described utilizes image to image georeferencing methods, nearest neighborhood and linear remapping of multi-resolution spatial and spectral imagery. The central optimization procedures entails random selection of pixels from feature areas in simultaneously acquired multispectral and hyperspectral scenes in order to build multiple "SVD" singular value decomposition models and optimized selection of these image models for each hyperspectral channel based upon the non-parametric K-S p-statistical test. The model synthetic imagery is then used with the 2D discrete cosine and inverse cosine filters, a 2D Butterworth filter. Optimization of the 2D Butterworth filter cutoff and order coefficients are conducted for each hyperspectral band and these coefficients are optimized using the same K-S based tests. The above optimization protocol results in synthetic reflectance hyperspectral cube where minimization between observed and synthetic hyperspectral signatures has been performed for each hyperspectral channel. Results indicate the synthetic hyperspectral resolution enhancement methodology is most sensitive to (a) the pixels selected (from feature areas) for use in the SVD model building process and (b) the 2D Butterworth cutoff frequency selected.

Proceedings Article | 19 October 2012 Paper

Paper

Acquisition of airborne imagery in support of Deepwater Horizon oil spill recovery assessments

Charles Bostater Jr., Frank Muller-Karger

Proceedings Volume 8532, 85321B (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.979802

KEYWORDS: Airborne remote sensing, Imaging systems, Remote sensing, Sensors, Cameras, Global Positioning System, Ocean optics, Video, Hyperspectral imaging, Multispectral imaging

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Proceedings Article | 19 October 2012 Paper

Paper

Contrast based band selection for optimized weathered oil detection in hyperspectral images

Florian Levaux, Charles Bostater Jr., Xavier Neyt

Proceedings Volume 8532, 85321D (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007322

KEYWORDS: Hyperspectral imaging, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Sensors, Reflectivity, Target detection, Absorption, Backscatter, Surveillance, Imaging systems, Image filtering

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Hyperspectral imagery offers unique benefits for detection of land and water features due to the information contained in reflectance signatures such as the bi-directional reflectance distribution function or BRDF. The reflectance signature directly shows the relative absorption and backscattering features of targets. These features can be very useful in shoreline monitoring or surveillance applications, for example to detect weathered oil. In real-time detection applications, processing of hyperspectral data can be an important tool and Optimal band selection is thus important in real time applications in order to select the essential bands using the absorption and backscatter information. In the present paper, band selection is based upon the optimization of target detection using contrast algorithms. The common definition of the contrast (using only one band out of all possible combinations available within a hyperspectral image) is generalized in order to consider all the possible combinations of wavelength dependent contrasts using hyperspectral images. The inflection (defined here as an approximation of the second derivative) is also used in order to enhance the variations in the reflectance spectra as well as in the contrast spectrua in order to assist in optimal band selection. The results of the selection in term of target detection (false alarms and missed detection) are also compared with a previous method to perform feature detection, namely the matched filter. In this paper, imagery is acquired using a pushbroom hyperspectral sensor mounted at the bow of a small vessel. The sensor is mechanically rotated using an optical rotation stage. This opto-mechanical scanning system produces hyperspectral images with pixel sizes on the order of mm to cm scales, depending upon the distance between the sensor and the shoreline being monitored. The motion of the platform during the acquisition induces distortions in the collected HSI imagery. It is therefore necessary to apply a motion correction to the imagery. In this paper, imagery is corrected for the pitching motion of a vessel, which causes most of the deformation when the vessel is anchored at 2 points (bow and stern) during the acquisition of the hyperspectral imagry.

Proceedings Article | 19 October 2012 Paper

Paper

Airborne multisensor remote sensing systems for subsurface feature detection in littoral zones

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 8532, 853208 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.974656

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Cameras, Calibration, Sensors, Image fusion, Sensing systems, Hyperspectral imaging, Remote sensing, Global Positioning System, Video

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 2012 Paper

Paper

Remote sensing of shorelines using data fusion of hyperspectral and multispectral imagery acquired from mobile and fixed platforms

Charles Bostater, Heather Frystacky

Proceedings Volume 8390, 839026 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919310

KEYWORDS: Image fusion, Data fusion, Sensors, Image processing, Cameras, Hyperspectral imaging, Imaging systems, Multispectral imaging, Spatial resolution, Image filtering

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An optimized data fusion methodology is presented and makes use of airborne and vessel mounted hyperspectral and multispectral imagery acquired at littoral zones in Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico. The results demonstrate the use of hyperspectral-multispectral data fusion anomaly detection along shorelines and in surface and subsurface waters. Hyperspectral imagery utilized in the data fusion analysis was collected using a 64-1024 channel, 1376 pixel swath width; temperature stabilized sensing system; an integrated inertial motion unit; and differential GPS. The imaging system is calibrated using dual 18 inch calibration spheres, spectral line sources, and custom line targets. Simultaneously collected multispectral three band imagery used in the data fusion analysis was derived either a 12 inch focal length large format camera using 9 inch high speed AGFA color negative film, a 12.3 megapixel digital camera or dual high speed full definition video cameras. Pushbroom sensor imagery is corrected using Kalman filtering and smoothing in order to correct images for airborne platform motions or motions of a small vessel. Custom software developed for the hyperspectral system and the optimized data fusion process allows for post processing using atmospherically corrected and georeferenced reflectance imagery. The optimized data fusion approach allows for detecting spectral anomalies in the resolution enhanced data cubes. Spectral-spatial anomaly detection is demonstrated using simulated embedded targets in actual imagery. The approach allows one to utilize spectral signature anomalies to identify features and targets that would otherwise not be possible. The optimized data fusion techniques and software has been developed in order to perform sensitivity analysis of the synthetic images in order to optimize the singular value decomposition model building process and the 2-D Butterworth cutoff frequency selection process, using the concept of user defined "feature areas". The data fusion "synthetic imagery" forms a basis for spectral-spatial resolution enhancement for optimal band selection and remote sensing algorithm development within "spectral anomaly areas". The methods are applied to imagery intended to support Deepwater Horizon oil spill remediation and recovery efforts. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates the data fusion methodology is most sensitive to (a) the pixels and features used in the SVD model building process and (b) the 2-D Butterworth cutoff frequency optimized by application of K-S nonparametric test. The optimized image fusion approach is transferable to sensor data acquired from other platforms, including autonomous underwater vehicles using near real time processing.

Proceedings Article | 19 October 2011 Paper

Paper

Airborne imaging sensors for environmental monitoring & surveillance in support of oil spills and recovery efforts

Charles Bostater, James Jones, Heather Frystacky, Gaelle Coppin, Florian Leavaux, Xavier Neyt

Proceedings Volume 8175, 81750B (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901231

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Hyperspectral imaging, Bidirectional reflectance transmission function, Imaging systems, Vegetation, Cameras, Global Positioning System, Calibration, Reflectivity, Filtering (signal processing)

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Collection of pushbroom sensor imagery from a mobile platform requires corrections using inertial measurement units (IMU's) and DGPS in order to create useable imagery for environmental monitoring and surveillance of shorelines in freshwater systems, coastal littoral zones and harbor areas. This paper describes a suite of imaging systems used during collection of hyperspectral imagery in northern Florida panhandle and Gulf of Mexico airborne missions to detect weathered oil in coastal littoral zones. Underlying concepts of pushbroom imagery, the needed corrections for directional changes using DGPS and corrections for platform yaw, pitch, and roll using IMU data is described as well as the development and application of optimal band and spectral regions associated with weathered oil. Pushbroom sensor and frame camera data collected in response to the recent Gulf of Mexico oil spill disaster is presented as the scenario documenting environmental monitoring and surveillance techniques using mobile sensing platforms. Data was acquired during the months of February, March, April and May of 2011. The low altitude airborne systems include a temperature stabilized hyperspectral imaging system capable of up to 1024 spectral channels and 1376 spatial across track pixels flown from 3,000 to 4,500 feet altitudes. The hyperspectral imaging system is collocated with a full resolution high definition video recorder for simultaneous HD video imagery, a 12.3 megapixel digital, a mapping camera using 9 inch film types that yields scanned aerial imagery with approximately 22,200 by 22,200 pixel multispectral imagery (~255 megapixel RGB multispectral images in order to conduct for spectral-spatial sharpening of fused multispectral, hyperspectral imagery. Two high spectral (252 channels) and radiometric sensitivity solid state spectrographs are used for collecting upwelling radiance (sub-meter pixels) with downwelling irradiance fiber optic attachment. These sensors are utilized for cross calibration and independent acquisition of ground or water reflectance signatures and for calculation of the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). Methods are demonstrated for selecting optimal spectral regions and bands for discrimination, detection and characterization of weathered oil in the Northern Gulf of Mexico waters and littoral zones in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster. The techniques allow for the use of sun and sky glint regions in imagery to identify water surface wave field characteristics as well as oil slicks. The systems described provide unique data sets for remote sensing algorithm development and future testing of radiative transfer models useful in studying weathered oil fate, distribution and extent.

Proceedings Article | 8 October 2011 Paper

Paper

Potential impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on large pelagic fishes

Sarrah Frias-Torres, Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 8175, 81750F (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903759

KEYWORDS: Satellites, Satellite imaging, Sensors, Earth observing sensors, Remote sensing, Biological research, Image analysis, Composites, Statistical analysis, Analytical research

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Proceedings Article | 27 October 2010 Paper

Paper

Integration, testing, and calibration of imaging systems for land and water remote sensing

Charles Bostater, James Jones, Heather Frystacky, Mate Kovacs, Oszkar Jozsa

Proceedings Volume 7825, 78250N (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.870743

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Calibration, Imaging systems, Hyperspectral imaging, Image fusion, Sensors, Global Positioning System, Spectrographs, Reflectivity, Remote sensing

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Imagery is presented along with calibration and testing procedures of several airborne imaging systems. The low altitude airborne systems include a cooled hyperspectral imaging system with 1024 spectral channels and 1375 spatial pixels. The hyperspectral imaging system is collocated with a full resolution high definition video recorder for simultaneous HD image acquisition, 12.3 megapixel digital images for multispectral "sharpening" the hyperspectral imagery, or large frame 9 inch film cameras yielding scanned aerial imagery with approximately 2200 by 2200 pixel multispectral imagery. Two high spectral (252 channels) and radiometric solid state spectrographs are used for collecting upwelling radiance (sub-meter pixels) and a downwelling irradiance using a fiber optic irradiance sensor. These sensors are utilized for cross calibration and independent acquisition of ground or water reflectance signatures. The upwelling spectrograph is integrated to collect signatures collocated with a 12.3 megapixel Nikon D2Xs with 5 HZ WAAS GPS input for mixed pixel analysis in conjunction with the other sensing systems. In addition to the airborne hyperspectral sensors, traditional photogrammetric imagery can be collected from dual 9 inch frame cameras capable of using a combination of panchromatic, color or color infrared film types. The panchromatic film can be collected with special filters designed to create spectral windows, such as the "red edge" which is useful for land or shallow submerged vegetation and live coral detection. The 9 inch film negatives are scanned to produce over 250 megapixel scanned multispectral imagery for sub pixel assessments us and image fusion sharpening of the hyperspectral imagery. The scanned imagery covers larger spatial regions and is thus useful for geospatial registration, rectification, and spatial sharpening of the hyperspectral imagery along flight lines. All of the airborne sensor systems allow for modern research in the use of sun and sky glint regions in imagery to identify water surface wave field characteristics as well as oil slicks. The systems described provide unique data sets of for modern airborne or satellite remote sensing algorithm development and testing of radiative transfer models.

Proceedings Article | 22 October 2010 Paper

Paper

Image analysis for water surface and subsurface feature detection in shallow waters

Charles Bostater, James Jones, Heather Frystacky, Mate Kovacs, Oszkar Jozsa

Proceedings Volume 7825, 78250H (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.870728

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Water, Hyperspectral imaging, Sensors, Vegetation, Feature extraction, Reflectivity, Sensing systems, Ocean optics, Remote sensing

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Proceedings Article | 14 September 2009 Paper

Paper

Modeling the influence of water waves upon remote sensing imagery: the underwater radiance distribution and shape factors

Charles Bostater, Luce Bassetti, Lisa Huddleston

Proceedings Volume 7473, 74730E (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.834924

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, 3D modeling, Photons, Remote sensing, Atmospheric modeling, Shape analysis, 3D image processing, Water, Scattering, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 10 September 2009 Paper

Paper

Analysis of simulated and actual airborne remote sensing imagery for characterization of surface water wave spectra

Charles Bostater, Heather Frystacky, Mate Nemes, Luce Bassetti

Proceedings Volume 7473, 747312 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.834925

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Cameras, Water, Airborne remote sensing, Multispectral imaging, Spatial resolution, Imaging systems, Atmospheric modeling, RGB color model, Microcontrollers

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2008 Paper

Paper

Background and study concerning water wave effects on airborne imagery

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 7105, 71050G (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.801332

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Cameras, Sensors, Water, Airborne remote sensing, Imaging systems, Hyperspectral imaging, Target detection, Sensor calibration, Digital imaging

Read Abstract +

This paper describes ongoing research and initial results regarding collection of airborne imagery for detection of submerged features in optically shallow water types. The approach is to utilize land surface, water surface and submerged or in-situ line targets of various types during the airborne flights or fixed platforms. The imagery collected by the airborne sensing systems is processed in concept to correct for the presence of the water surface wave effects and water column effects. The correction approach is based upon calculation of a residual image between either (a) the observed submerged target image and the non-submerged image or (2) the observed submerged target within a scene and a synthetic image of the same scene. The residual image thus contains the distortion and blurring effects due to the presence of water waves and the water column. The residual image contains the information needed to scientifically explain in order to improve our scientific understanding of submerged feature recognition. The approach is described can be applied to airborne, fixed platforms, modeled hyperspectral signatures as well as hyperspectral synthetic reflectance imagery of environmental media, features and objects within such media. When applied to hyperspectral airborne imagery of water, the techniques an be used to identify and optimize the bands and channels that can also be utilized in creating filters to be used in traditional, but high spatial resolution mapping cameras for mapping aquatic and coastal environments. Results presented of submerged target imagery demonstrate the ease to detect submerged features on the order of 3 cm² using airborne digital data as well as traditional scanned film cameras. The results suggest that gravity wave effects may be removed from low altitude and high spatial and spectral resolution airborne imagery by careful calibration of airborne sensors, especially focal plane focusing calibration and related sensor settings.

Proceedings Article | 8 October 2007 Paper

Paper

High resolution multispectral photogrammetric imagery: enhancement, interpretation and evaluations

Arthur Roberts, Martin Haefele, Charles Bostater, Thomas Becker

Proceedings Volume 6743, 674306 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.738541

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Remote sensing, Imaging systems, Multispectral imaging, Image resolution, Visible radiation, Near infrared, Infrared radiation, Data conversion, Image enhancement

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 19 October 2006 Paper

Paper

A sensitivity analysis of irradiance reflectance calculated from the modified two-flow equations with shape factors to various model inputs

Lisa Huddleston, Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 6360, 63600J (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.690087

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Europium, Einsteinium, Radiative transfer, Shape analysis, Water, Mathematical modeling, Backscatter, Signal attenuation, Absorption

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 13 October 2006 Paper

Paper

A pixel to pixel hyperspectral synthetic image model inter-comparison study

Charles Bostater, Luce Bassetti

Proceedings Volume 6360, 636008 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.692614

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Reflectivity, Water, Lithium, Remote sensing, Ocean optics, Photons, Radiative transfer, Hyperspectral imaging, Coastal modeling

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 13 October 2006 Paper

Paper

A grid enabled Monte Carlo hyperspectral synthetic image remote sensing model (GRID-MCHSIM) for coastal water quality algorithm

Gen-Tao Chiang, Martin Dove, Stuart Ballard, Charles Bostater, Ian Frame

Proceedings Volume 6360, 636009 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.689967

KEYWORDS: Image quality, Remote sensing, Monte Carlo methods, Hyperspectral imaging, Visualization, Reflectivity, Coastal modeling, Data storage, RGB color model, Water

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 13 October 2006 Paper

Paper

Optimal band selection in hyperspectral remote sensing of aquatic benthic features: a wavelet filter window approach

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 6360, 63600L (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.687494

KEYWORDS: Wavelets, Remote sensing, Signal processing, Filtering (signal processing), Reflectivity, Spectroscopy, Nonlinear filtering, Hyperspectral imaging, Environmental monitoring, Electronic filtering

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 13 October 2006 Paper

Paper

Implementation of a ground truth process for development of a submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) mapping protocol using hyperspectral imagery

Carlton Hall, Charles Bostater, Robert Virnstein

Proceedings Volume 6360, 63600D (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.692354

KEYWORDS: Hyperspectral imaging, Vegetation, Excel, Visualization, Associative arrays, Global Positioning System, Remote sensing, Reflectivity, Image processing, Water

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 13 October 2006 Paper

Paper

Sensor motion control and mobile platforms for aquatic remote sensing

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 6360, 63600M (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.687496

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Motion controllers, Remote sensing, Surveillance, Cameras, Imaging systems, Environmental monitoring, Control systems, Sensing systems, Environmental sensing

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 10 June 2005 Paper

Paper

On reduction of risks in UXO and mine detection using remote sensing systems and related synthetic image simulation

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 5794, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.607533

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Remote sensing, Sensing systems, Monte Carlo methods, Submerged target modeling, Environmental sensing, Water, Target detection, Robotic systems, Ocean optics

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 19 May 2005 Paper

Paper

Hyperspectral simulation and recovery of submerged targets in turbid waters

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 5780, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.607531

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Monte Carlo methods, Water, RGB color model, Submerged target modeling, Absorption, Parallel processing, Image processing, Ocean optics, Photon transport

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 16 November 2004 Paper

Paper

Influence of water waves on hyperspectral remote sensing of subsurface water features

Charles Bostater, Luce Bassetti

Proceedings Volume 5569, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.565273

KEYWORDS: Water, Reflectivity, Monte Carlo methods, RGB color model, Submerged target modeling, Remote sensing, Sensors, Radiative transfer, Hyperspectral simulation, Hyperspectral imaging

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 16 November 2004 Paper

Paper

Plant pigment types, distributions, and influences on shallow water submerged aquatic vegetation mapping

Carlton Hall, Charles Bostater, Robert Virnstein

Proceedings Volume 5569, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.565765

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Reflectivity, Remote sensing, Vegetation, Water, Hyperspectral imaging, Research management, Backscatter, Signal attenuation, Ecosystems

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 16 November 2004 Paper

Paper

Unknown object localization and identification in shallow water environment at Lake Balaton

Balint Kiss, Charles Bostater, Ferenc Vajda, Laszlo Vajta, Miklos Vogel

Proceedings Volume 5569, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.565371

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Global Positioning System, Signal processing, Remote sensing, Cameras, Climatology, Roads, Information fusion, Acoustics, Visibility

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 16 November 2004 Paper

Paper

Detecting submerged features in water: modeling, sensors, and measurements

Charles Bostater, Luce Bassetti

Proceedings Volume 5569, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.593681

KEYWORDS: Remote sensing, Sensors, Sensing systems, Water, Environmental sensing, Systems modeling, Robotic systems, Imaging systems, Submerged target modeling, Robotics

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 26 February 2004 Paper

Paper

Synthetic image generation of shallow water using an iterative layered radiative transfer model with realistic water surface waves

Charles Bostater, Lisa Huddleston, Luce Bassetti

Proceedings Volume 5233, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.517197

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Water, RGB color model, Radiative transfer, Ocean optics, Foam, Europium, Remote sensing, Hyperspectral imaging, Einsteinium

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 26 February 2004 Paper

Paper

Hyperspectral remote sensing protocol development for submerged aquatic vegetation in shallow waters

Charles Bostater, Teddy Ghir, Luce Bassetti, Carlton Hall, E. Reyeier, R. Lowers, K. Holloway-Adkins, Robert Virnstein

Proceedings Volume 5233, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.541191

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Remote sensing, Sensors, Vegetation, Water, Hyperspectral imaging, Calibration, Absorption, Ocean optics, Visualization

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 26 February 2004 Paper

Paper

Developing and testing a pushbroom camera motion control system: using a lidar-based streak tube camera for studying the influence of water waves on underwater light structure detection

Charles Bostater, Teddy Ghir, Scott Naro-Norman, Lisa Huddleston, Luce Bassetti, Kunal Mitra, Champak Das, Ashish Trivedi

Proceedings Volume 5233, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.541190

KEYWORDS: Water, Cameras, Pulsed laser operation, Streak cameras, Imaging systems, CCD cameras, Fluctuations and noise, Control systems, Capillaries, Wave propagation

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 26 February 2004 Paper

Paper

Data assimilation of AVHRR and MODIS data for land base initialization and boundary conditions in the UTC-M atmospheric boundary layer sea-breeze model of Space Coast Florida

Charles Bostater, Jerome King, Lisa Huddleston, Luce Bassetti

Proceedings Volume 5233, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.517199

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Thermal modeling, Data modeling, MODIS, Temperature metrology, Satellites, Reflectivity, Shortwaves, Solar radiation models, Infrared radiation

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 14 February 2003 Paper

Paper

Synthetic image generation of shallow waters using a parallelized hyperspectral Monte Carlo and analytical radiative transfer model

Charles Bostater, Gen-Tao Chiang, Lisa Huddleston, Manuel Gimond

Proceedings Volume 4880, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.464377

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Monte Carlo methods, RGB color model, Water, Image processing, Parallel processing, Ocean optics, Image quality, Data modeling, Image sensors

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 14 February 2003 Paper

Paper

Water and land surface satellite-based data for use in the UTC-M mesoscale planetary boundary layer atmospheric model: sea breeze predictions along central Florida using a thermal submodel

Charles Bostater, Jerome King, Lisa Huddleston

Proceedings Volume 4880, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.464380

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Thermal modeling, Satellites, Data modeling, MODIS, Solar radiation, Reflectivity, Remote sensing, Absorption, Infrared radiation

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 14 February 2003 Paper

Paper

An iterative algorithm for layered optical remote sensing reflectance modeling of natural waters with depth-dependent aquatic constituent concentrations

Charles Bostater, Lisa Huddleston, Carrie Semmler, John Mieles

Proceedings Volume 4880, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.479806

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Water, Submerged target modeling, Carbon, Ocean optics, Remote sensing, Backscatter, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Coastal modeling, Absorption

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 14 January 2002 Paper

Paper

Comparison between analytical and Monte Carlo hyperspectral reflectance models for coastal remote sensing

Charles Bostater, Manuel Gimond

Proceedings Volume 4544, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452749

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Monte Carlo methods, Signal attenuation, Light scattering, Water, Light sources, Absorption, Interfaces, Reflectivity, Optical properties

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 14 January 2002 Paper

Paper

Improvements to a layered analytical irradiance model for application to coastal waters with depth-dependent water constituents, various bottom types, and variable water depths

Charles Bostater, Lisa Huddleston, Mackenzie Tepel

Proceedings Volume 4544, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452763

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Submerged target modeling, Water, Absorption, Atmospheric modeling, Backscatter, Solar radiation models, Remote sensing, Radiative transfer, Signal attenuation

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 14 January 2002 Paper

Paper

Sensitivity analysis of the Florida Tech UTC-M mesoscale atmopsheric seabreeze model to estimates of water and land heating rates using AVHRR SST and coastal margin land temperatures

Charles Bostater, Lisa Huddleston, Jerome King

Proceedings Volume 4544, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.452760

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Solar radiation models, Coastal modeling, Water, Atmospheric sensing, Data modeling, Earth's atmosphere, Atmospheric physics, Radiative transfer, 3D modeling

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 22 December 2000 Paper

Paper

Numerical simulation of the marine atmospheric boundary layer flow over Cape Canaveral region and Gulf Stream using AVHRR SST: an atmospheric sea breeze model

Charles Bostater, Manuel Gimond, Erik Uhlhorn, Ted McNally

Proceedings Volume 4172, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.411705

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Coastal modeling, Data modeling, 3D modeling, Solar radiation models, Motion models, Water, Stochastic processes, Oceanography, Ocean optics

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 22 December 2000 Paper

Paper

Layered analytical radiative transfer model for simulating water color of coastal waters and algorithm development

Charles Bostater, Lisa Huddleston

Proceedings Volume 4172, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.411698

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Water, Radiative transfer, Absorption, Remote sensing, Submerged target modeling, Backscatter, Algorithm development, Scattering, Coastal modeling

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 22 December 2000 Paper

Paper

Comparing a hyperspectral Monte-Carlo approach for simulating water surface reflectance signatures based upon radiative transfer theory: simulating clear water and Caribbean Sea bottom types

Charles Bostater, Manuel Gimond, Matthew Campbell

Proceedings Volume 4172, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.411704

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Reflectivity, Mathematical modeling, Absorption, Backscatter, Water, Scattering, Chlorine, Ocean optics, Photon transport

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 17 December 1999 Paper

Paper

High-order derivative spectroscopy for selecting spectral regions and channels for remote sensing algorithm development

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 3868, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.373121

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Algorithm development, Remote sensing, Spectroscopy, Water, Absorption, Signal processing, Radiative transfer, Hyperspectral imaging, Vegetation

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 17 December 1999 Paper

Paper

Wavelength-specific fluorescence coefficients for simulating hyperspectral reflectance signatures of water

Charles Bostater, Jan Rebman

Proceedings Volume 3868, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.373140

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Reflectivity, Absorption, Collimation, Signal attenuation, Data modeling, Scattering, Backscatter, Light, Water

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 11 December 1998 Paper

Paper

Imaging derivative spectroscopy for vegetation dysfunction assessments

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 3499, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.332760

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Algorithm development, Spectroscopy, Imaging spectroscopy, Vegetation, Remote sensing, Hyperspectral imaging, Absorption, Detection and tracking algorithms, Satellites

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 11 December 1998 Paper

Paper

Specific absorption and backscatter coefficient signatures in southeastern Atlantic coastal waters

Charles Bostater

Proceedings Volume 3496, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.332723

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Backscatter, Reflectivity, Ocean optics, Remote sensing, Scattering, Water, Particles, Algorithm development, Chemical analysis

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 30 December 1997 Paper

Paper

Analytical radiative transfer modeling for coastal water quality remote sensing: inclusion of a fluorescence term

Charles Bostater, Jan Rebmann

Proceedings Volume 3222, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.298172

KEYWORDS: Collimation, Reflectivity, Luminescence, Scattering, Remote sensing, Laser scattering, Light, Light scattering, Absorption, Backscatter

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 17 January 1997 Paper

Paper

Application of a flow-through absorption tube for remotely estimating water-quality parameters

Charles Bostater, Melissa Keller, Manuel Gimond

Proceedings Volume 2959, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.264277

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Water, Spectrographs, Ocean optics, Remote sensing, Glasses, Statistical analysis, Optical filters, Near infrared, Space operations

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 17 January 1997 Paper

Paper

Modeling of the underwater light field and its effect on temperature, stability, and momentum

Charles Bostater, Ted McNally, Wei-ming Ma

Proceedings Volume 2959, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.264267

KEYWORDS: Water, Absorption, Signal attenuation, Backscatter, 3D modeling, Ocean optics, Sun, Carbon, Earth's atmosphere, Wind energy

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 17 January 1997 Paper

Paper

Advancement of an optical remote sensing model to simulate the underwater light field

Charles Bostater, Wei-ming Ma, Ted McNally

Proceedings Volume 2959, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.264268

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Backscatter, Collimation, Scattering, Reflectivity, Light scattering, Remote sensing, Laser scattering, Systems modeling, Water

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 18 December 1995 Paper

Paper

Methodology evaluation for remotely estimating water quality parameters in estuarine waters

Charles Bostater, Manuel Gimond

Proceedings Volume 2586, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.228616

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Water, Reflectivity, Ocean optics, Remote sensing, Spectroscopy, Sensors, Spectrographs, Vegetation, Statistical analysis

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 18 December 1995 Paper

Paper

Application of an optical remote sensing model

Charles Bostater, Wei-ming Ma, Ted McNally, Manuel Gimond, A. Lamb

Proceedings Volume 2586, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.228632

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Absorption, Water, Backscatter, Ocean optics, Data modeling, Remote sensing, Coastal modeling, Signal attenuation, Radiative transfer

Read Abstract +

Proceedings Article | 24 November 1995 Paper

Paper

Temporal measurement and analysis of high-resolution spectral signatures of plants and relationships to biophysical characteristics

Charles Bostater, Jan Rebbman, Carlton Hall, Mark Provancha, David Vieglais

Proceedings Volume 2585, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.227193

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Absorption, Biological research, Remote sensing, Nitrogen, Spectral resolution, Environmental sensing, Water, Backscatter, Statistical analysis

Read Abstract +

Showing 5 of 71 publications

Proceedings Volume Editor (24)

SPIE Conference Volume | 7 November 2023

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2023

SPIE Conference Volume | 9 November 2022

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2022

SPIE Conference Volume | 15 October 2021

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2021

SPIE Conference Volume | 9 October 2020

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2020

SPIE Conference Volume | 2 December 2019

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2019

Showing 5 of 24 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (32)

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2024

16 September 2024 | Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2023

4 September 2023 | Amsterdam, Netherlands

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2022

6 September 2022 | Berlin, Germany

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2021

13 September 2021 | Online Only, Spain

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2020

22 September 2020 | Online Only, United Kingdom

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2019

9 September 2019 | Strasbourg, France

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2018

10 September 2018 | Berlin, Germany

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2017

11 September 2017 | Warsaw, Poland

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2016

26 September 2016 | Edinburgh, United Kingdom

SPIE Remote Sensing

26 September 2016 | Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2015

23 September 2015 | Toulouse, France

SPIE Remote Sensing

21 September 2015 | Toulouse, France

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2014

24 September 2014 | Amsterdam, Netherlands

SPIE Remote Sensing

22 September 2014 | Amsterdam, Netherlands

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2013

24 September 2013 | Dresden, Germany

SPIE Remote Sensing

23 September 2013 | Dresden, Germany

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2012

26 September 2012 | Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Special Joint Session on Remote Sensing and Natural Disasters: Remote Sensing 2012

24 September 2012 | Edinburgh, United Kingdom

SPIE Remote Sensing

24 September 2012 | Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2011

21 September 2011 | Prague, Czech Republic

SPIE Remote Sensing

19 September 2011 | Prague, Czech Republic

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, and Large Water Regions 2010

22 September 2010 | Toulouse, France

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, and Large Water Regions 2009

31 August 2009 | Berlin, Germany

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, and Large Water Regions 2008

15 September 2008 | Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, and Large Water Regions 2007

17 September 2007 | Florence, Italy

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, and Large Water Regions 2006

11 September 2006 | Stockholm, Sweden

Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, and Large Water Regions 2005

19 September 2005 | Bruges, Belgium

Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Sea Ice 2004

13 September 2004 | Maspalomas, Canary Islands, Spain

Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Sea Ice 2003

10 September 2003 | Barcelona, Spain

Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Sea Ice 2002

24 September 2002 | Crete, Greece

Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Sea Ice 2001

20 September 2001 | Toulouse, France

Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Sea Ice V

25 September 2000 | Barcelona, Spain

Showing 5 of 32 Conference Committees

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