Due to environmental illumination and other factors, actual shearing interference image used to measure the rotation angle contains high-frequency speckle noises. According to the characteristics of shearing interference images, a low-pass filter based on homomorphic filtering principle is selected to filter these images. The desired filtering result can be achieved by adjusting the filter parameters such as the cutoff frequency radius and the order of the filter. The Hilditch thinning algorithm is applied to extract the center of the fringes to calculate the spacing between neighbor fringes. The accuracy of the algorithm is verified by the actual and simulation experiments with the error of fringe spacing detection less than 0.01%.
High-acceleration vibrations have a strong effect on parts damage and engine life in the aerospace field. Demand for high-acceleration vibration calibration devices is urgently required. In this paper, a set of resonant high-acceleration calibration system was established. This system generates high-acceleration based on the principle that the resonant beam reaches its natural frequency at the outside frequency to amplify the acceleration amplitude. Experimental results show the system can achieve accurate calibration of sensors at high-acceleration.
The motion measurement based on machine vision has been more and more widely used in robots, object tracking and other fields. However, the relative motion between camera and object often causes images blurred, which decreases the reliability of detection. To improve the detection accuracy of the motion-blurred images edges, a comprehensive method is proposed. By analyzing the grayscale distribution of the object images in different motion directions, we used different methods to enhance the low frequency sub-band images which were obtained by wavelet transform. The subpixel edge detection method based on cubic spline interpolation was applied to detect the edges of the blurred and enhanced images, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed method avoids the misdetection of the blurred images edges, and obtains higher edge detection accuracy.
Advanced low frequency vibration calibration is imperative required as the wide applications of low frequency accelerometers. Low frequency calibration is commonly realized by the Earth’s gravity method or the laser interferometry. However, affected by the limited stroke of the standard vibration shaker, the calibration precision of laser interferometry at very low frequency is usually not ideal. Although the Earth’s gravity method can avoid this low calibration precision at very low frequency, its calibration frequency usually <5 Hz due to the influence of rotator centripetal acceleration. In this paper, the Earth’s gravity method mentioned in ISO 16063-16 is improved by using an effective image feature detection method. This method detects the angel between Earth’s gravity field direction and acceleration sensitivity axis direction to improve the Earth’s gravity static calibration accuracy.
Phase response is an essential parameter of vibration sensors in primary vibration calibration, heterodyne interferometer was usually used to obtain this parameter. To reduce sampling rate of heterodyne interferometer signal and sampling number, analog mixer and lowpass filter are used to down-convert the interferometer signal. However, the using of analog devices will introduce additional phase delay for the measurement of the phase response, it leads to the measurement by the calibration is unreliable. A novel correction of phase delay method was proposed to precisely measure the phase response of the vibration sensors. Experiment results show the performance of the proposed correction method.
Establishment of appropriate vibration criteria is essential for vibration-sensitive laboratories. The vibration criterion curves are commonly used in the evaluation of the ambient vibration. The maximum level of VC-E criterion curve is 3.1μm/s. The intrinsic microseism in the Changping experimental base of National Institute of Metrology has been measured since 2003. The frequency of the intrinsic microseism is about 3.2 Hz, and the velocity magnitude of the intrinsic microseism is about 0.05μm/s, which is much less than the VC-E criterion. The vibration criteria values that are less than the magnitude of the intrinsic microseism cannot be realized, whereas limits that are too broad may result in degradation of the performance of measurement equipment. So the vibration criterions of National Institute of Metrology are established based on the intrinsic microseism and VC curves. Because the VC curves are expressed in the terms of root-mean-square vibration velocity in the band of the one-third octave, it is difficult to identify the vibration interferences from machines such as fans and cooling towers. The vibration criterions of National Institute of Metrology are expressed in terms of both the one-third octave vibration velocity spectrum and velocity average spectrum of the ambient vibration. From the velocity average spectrum, the ambient vibration of vibration-sensitive laboratories can be evaluated and the vibration interferences can be identified by comparison with the intrinsic microseism.
The intrinsic microseism in a precision metrology laboratory of National Institute of Metrology is used to evaluate the resolution of vibration transducers. The precision metrology laboratory is located in the Changping experimental base of National Institute of Metrology. The intrinsic microseism has been measured since 2003. The frequency of the intrinsic microseism is about 3.2 Hz, and the velocity magnitude of the intrinsic microseism is about 5×10-8 m/s. The long term measure proved the frequency and magnitude of the intrinsic microseism is stable, and it can be used as a natural standard to evaluate the resolution of vibration transducers. The vibration transducers and a reference vibration transducer are located in a seismic block. The reference vibration transducer has enough vibration resolution to measure the intrinsic microseism. The vibration transducers and the reference vibration transducer measure and record the ambient vibration at the same time in a measurement period, e.g. 15 minutes, 2 hours or 24 hours. The recorded data are analyzed by FFT with average analysis in full-time process to gain the average spectrum. If the 3.2 Hz intrinsic microseism could be measured by the vibration transducers, the resolution of the vibration transducers will precede the magnitude of the 3.2 Hz intrinsic microseism which is measured by the reference vibration transducer. The signal noise ratio in the average spectrum can further affect the measure results.
In this paper, the shortcomings and their causes of the conventional homodyne time interval analysis (TIA) method is described with respect to its software algorithm and hardware implementation, based on which a simplified TIA method is proposed with the help of virtual instrument technology. Equipped with an ordinary Michelson interferometer and dual channel synchronous data acquisition card, the primary vibration calibration system using the simplified method can perform measurements of complex sensitivity of accelerometers accurately, meeting the uncertainty requirements laid down in pertaining ISO standard. The validity and accuracy of the simplified TIA method is verified by simulation and comparison experiments with its performance analyzed. This simplified method is recommended to apply in national metrology institute of developing countries and industrial primary vibration calibration labs for its simplified algorithm and low requirements on hardware.
An oblate solid cylinder damping material specimen is used to construct three damping systems with three different
additional masses. The specimen is excited by an electromagnetic shaker in the vertical direction, and the specimen
excites the additional mass vibrating. The damping properties of the damping material change as the additional mass
and the exciting magnitude change. Not only the traditional damping properties, such as the damping ratio, the
vibration transfer rate from excitation to additional mass, and resonant frequency, but also the nonlinear properties of the
damping system with different masses are measured to evaluate the damping specimen. The magnitude-frequency
characteristics of vibration transfer rate with different additional masses are measured under constant stable excitation
and linear vibration state over a frequency range which includes the resonant frequency of the fundamental mode. The
nonlinear vibration transfer properties with different additional masses are measured and investigated under higher
vibration magnitude. Experiment results indicate that both linear and nonlinear damping properties of the damping
system change as the exciting magnitude and the additional mass change.
Every component characteristic in the closed loop of resonant sensors is analyzed. Based on the component
characteristics, the relation between the excitation force and the displacement of the resonator is confirmed. And the
closed loop differential equation of resonant sensors is build. The phase drift of the closed loop control system is brought
into the differential equation. By solving the differential equation with phase error of the closed loop control system, the
relation between phase drift and the difference between the resonant frequency of the closed loop and the natural
frequency of the resonator is gained. It is found that the measure error between the resonator natural frequency and the
resonant frequency of the closed loop is proportional to tangent of the phase drift of the closed loop control system. The
proportion coefficient is negative -3dB bandwidth of the resonator.
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