Prof. Cristian Neipp Profile

Prof. Cristian Neipp

Professor at Univ de Alicante

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (51)

Proceedings Article | 31 May 2023 Poster + Paper

Study of the conservation of different holograms sandwiched between glasses

J. Sirvent-Verdú, J. García-Vázquez, S. Gallego, D. Puerto, C. Neipp, J. Colomina-Martínez, J. Bravo, I. Pascual, A. Beléndez

Proceedings Volume 12574, 1257414 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665307

KEYWORDS: Holograms, Holography, Spatial frequencies, Glasses, Photopolymers, Reflection gratings, Reflection, Optical gratings, Spectral response, Refractive index

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Proceedings Article | 18 April 2021 Presentation + Paper

Waveguide couplers based on HPDLC for see-through applications: initiator optimization

S. Gallego, D. Puerto, C. Neipp, M. Ortuño, I. Pascual, A. Beléndez

Proceedings Volume 11774, 117740Y (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2589970

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Polymers, Refractive index, Modulation, Liquid crystals, Holography, Holographic optical elements, Photorefractive polymers, Photopolymers, Photons

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SPIE Journal Paper | 18 June 2020 Open Access

Comment on “Application of Fresnel diffraction to nondestructive measurement of the refractive index of optical fibers”

Soumia Imane Taleb, Cristian Neipp, Jorge Francés

OE, Vol. 59, Issue 06, 060401, (June 2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.59.6.060401

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Diffraction, Refractive index, Chlorine, Near field diffraction, Nondestructive evaluation, Maxwell's equations, Optical engineering, Cladding, Optical simulations

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Proceedings Article | 1 April 2020 Presentation + Paper

3-dimensional modelling of the DOEs formation in PVA/AA photopolymers

R. Fernández, S. Gallego, A. Márquez, J. Francés, C. Neipp, D. Puerto, E. Calzado, I. Pascual, A. Beléndez

Proceedings Volume 11367, 113671E (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2555692

KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Diffractive optical elements, Axicons, Diffusion, Polymerization, Photopolymers, Liquid crystal on silicon, Lenses, Refractive index, Spatial frequencies

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SPIE Journal Paper | 17 February 2020

Analytical modeling of blazed gratings on two-dimensional pixelated liquid crystal on silicon devices

Andrés Márquez, Francisco Martínez-Guardiola, Jorge Francés, Cristian Neipp, Manuel Ramírez, Eva Calzado, Marta Morales-Vidal, Sergi Gallego, Augusto Beléndez, Inmaculada Pascual

OE, Vol. 59, Issue 04, 041208, (February 2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.59.4.041208

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Diffraction gratings, Liquid crystal on silicon, Mendelevium, Liquid crystals, Diffractive optical elements, Optical engineering, Quantization, Spatial light modulators, Phase shift keying

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Proceedings Article | 23 April 2019 Paper

Study of the imaging characteristics of holographic waveguides

Sergio Bleda, Cristian Neipp, Jorge Frances, Mariela Alvarez, Andres Marquez, Sergi Gallego, Inmaculada Pascual, Augusto Beléndez

Proceedings Volume 11030, 1103013 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2522167

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Diffraction gratings, Glasses, Holography, Refractive index, Diffraction, Spatial frequencies, Holograms, Polymers, Liquid crystals

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Proceedings Article | 7 September 2018 Paper

Anamorphic characterization of a PA-LCoS based holographic data storage system

Francisco J. Martínez-Guardiola, Andrés Márquez, Eva Calzado, Roberto Fernández, Cristian Neipp, Manuel Ortuño, Inmaculada Pascual, Sergi Gallego

Proceedings Volume 10751, 1075112 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2321276

KEYWORDS: Image resolution, Holographic data storage systems, CCD cameras, Error analysis, Liquid crystal on silicon, Statistical analysis, Image filtering, Binary data, Image retrieval, Beam splitters

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Proceedings Article | 24 August 2017 Paper

Diffractive lenses in biocompatible photopolymers using LCoS

Roberto Fernández, Sergi Gallego, Víctor Navarro-Fuster, Manuel Ortuño, Andrés Márquez, C. Neipp, Augusto Beléndez, Inmaculada Pascual

Proceedings Volume 10395, 103951D (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2273840

KEYWORDS: Photopolymers, Liquid crystal on silicon, Modulation, Lenses, LCDs, Spatial light modulators, Diffractive optical elements, Optical properties, Image processing, Optical recording

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The improving of the technology related to the Spatial Light Modulators (SLM), which can be used to modulate the wavefront of a light beam in many different applications in Optics and Photonics, has widespread their use in many new ways. In particular, the continue miniaturization of the pixel size let them be used as a master for Diffractive Optical Elements(DOE) recording applications. One of these displays isthe parallel-addressed liquid crystal on silicon (PA-LCoS) microdisplay, which offers easily the possibility of phase-only modulation without coupled amplitude modulation, but can be use also as an amplitude master just rotating the angles of two polarizers. Together with the DOEs, the optic recording material is also one of the crucial componentsin the system. Photoresist has been used classically for this purpose. Recently some works provide results of the incorporation of photopolymers, initially used for holographic recording, to fabricate DOEs. Among photopolymers, polyvinil alcohol/acrylamide (PVA/AA) materials have been studied firstly due to the accurate control of their optical properties and the ease of fabrication. Nevertheless, this kind of photopolymer presents a high level of toxicity due mainly to the monomer, acrylamide. In this sense, we made efforts to search alternative “green” photopolymers, one of these is called “Biophotopol”. This material presents good optical properties; although, it has two principal drawbacks: its refractive index modulation is lower than the PVA/AA one and the dye used presents very low absorption at 532 nm. In order to solve these problems for recording spherical diffractive lenses, in the present work we have explored different possibilities. On the first place, we have modified the fabrication technique of the solid layer to achieve thicker samples, on the second place, we have introduced a biocompatible crosslinker monomer. These two actions provide us a higher value of the phase modulation capability. On the third place, we have modified the dye to record DOE’s with the wavelength of 532 nm and obtain a direct comparison with the results obtained with PVA/AA materials.

Proceedings Article | 15 May 2017 Presentation + Paper

Shrinkage measurement for holographic recording materials

R. Fernández, S. Gallego, A. Márquez, J. Francés, V. Navarro Fuster, C. Neipp, M. Ortuño, A. Beléndez, I. Pascual

Proceedings Volume 10233, 102330C (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2265180

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Holography, Photopolymers, Holographic materials, Liquid crystals, Holography applications, Nanoparticles, Molecules, Thin films, LCDs, Holograms

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2016 Paper

Efficient split field FDTD analysis of third-order nonlinear materials in two-dimensionally periodic media

Jorge Francés, Sergio Bleda, Subhajit Bej, Jani Tervo, Víctor Navarro-Fuster, Sandra Fenoll, Francisco J. Martínez-Gaurdiola, Cristian Neipp

Proceedings Volume 9889, 988908 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2227542

KEYWORDS: Binary data, Numerical analysis, Nonlinear filtering, Waveguide modes, Finite-difference time-domain method, Waveguides, Binary data, Numerical analysis, Polarization, Titanium dioxide, Computer simulations, Electromagnetism, Radio propagation

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2016 Paper

Cylindrical diffractive lenses recorded on PVA/AA photopolymers

R. Fernández, S. Gallego, A. Márquez, V. Navarro-Fuster, J. Francés, C. Neipp, A. Beléndez, I. Pascual

Proceedings Volume 9889, 988918 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2227076

KEYWORDS: Photopolymers, Diffractive optical elements, Lenses, Optical simulations, Holography, Liquid crystal on silicon, Cylindrical lenses, Optical recording, Data storage, Waveguides, Photopolymers, Diffractive optical elements, CCD cameras, Modulation, Refractive index, Liquids

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Proceedings Article | 19 September 2014 Paper

Influence of the photopolymer properties in the fabrication of diffractive optical elements

Sergi Gallego, Roberto Fernández, Andrés Márquez, Francisco Martínez, Cristian Neipp, Manuel Ortuño, Jorge Francés, Augusto Beléndez, Inmaculada Pascual

Proceedings Volume 9216, 921619 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2060990

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Diffractive optical elements, Refractive index, Diffusion, Holography, Binary data, Absorption, Signal attenuation, Ions, Optical components

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 2014 Paper

Influence of the set-up on the recording of diffractive optical elements into photopolymers

S. Gallego, R. Fernández, A. Márquez, C. Neipp, A. Beléndez, I. Pascual

Proceedings Volume 9131, 91311H (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051709

KEYWORDS: LCDs, Diffractive optical elements, Visibility, Photopolymers, Linear filtering, Modulation, Refractive index, Image filtering, Holography, Video

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SPIE Journal Paper | 28 August 2013

Acceleration of split-field finite difference time-domain method for anisotropic media by means of graphics processing unit computing

Jorge Francés, Sergio Bleda, Mariela Alvarez, Francisco Martinez, Andres Marquez, Cristian Neipp, Augusto Beléndez

OE, Vol. 53, Issue 01, 011005, (August 2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.53.1.011005

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Finite-difference time-domain method, Diffraction gratings, Polarization, Binary data, Dielectric polarization, Dielectrics, Graphics processing units, Optical engineering, Electromagnetism

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Proceedings Article | 15 October 2012 Paper

Analysis of periodic anisotropic media by means of split-field FDTD method and GPU computing

J. Francés, S. Bleda, M. Álvarez López, F. Martínez, A. Márquez, C. Neipp, A. Beléndez

Proceedings Volume 8498, 84980K (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.929545

KEYWORDS: Finite-difference time-domain method, Binary data, Dielectrics, Computer simulations, Liquid crystals, Electromagnetism, Numerical analysis, Computing systems, Dielectric polarization, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 5 May 2012 Paper

Comparison of simplified theories in the analysis of the diffraction efficiency in surface-relief gratings

J. Francés, C. Neipp, S. Gallego, S. Bleda, A. Márquez, I. Pascual, A. Beléndez

Proceedings Volume 8429, 84291U (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.922332

KEYWORDS: Diffraction, Finite-difference time-domain method, Diffraction gratings, Binary data, Electromagnetism, Polarization, Diffractive optical elements, Geometrical optics, Visualization, Finite difference methods

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Proceedings Article | 5 May 2012 Paper

Analysis of PEA photopolymers at zero spatial frequency limit

Sergi Gallego, Andrés Márquez, Marina Riquelme, Cristian Neipp, Manuel Ortuño, Augusto Beléndez, Inmaculada Pascual

Proceedings Volume 8429, 842925 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.921789

KEYWORDS: Photopolymers, Liquid crystals, Spatial frequencies, Phase shifts, Polymerization, Molecules, Holography, Liquids, Polymers, Crystals

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Proceedings Article | 24 December 2011 Paper

Performance improvement of high-thickness photopolymers for holographic data storage applications

M. Ortuño, S. Gallego, A. Márquez, C. Neipp, I. Pascual, A. Beléndez

Proceedings Volume 8204, 820432 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902889

KEYWORDS: Photopolymers, Polymers, Diffraction, Holography, Scattering, Molecules, Diffraction gratings, Holography applications, Data storage, Photopolymerization

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Proceedings Article | 24 December 2011 Paper

Comparison of photopolymers for optical data storage applications and relief diffractive optical elements recorded onto photopolymers

S. Gallego, A. Márquez, M. Ortuño, C. Neipp, A. Beléndez, I. Pascual

Proceedings Volume 8204, 820421 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902694

KEYWORDS: Photopolymers, Diffusion, Spatial frequencies, Plating, Holography, Diffractive optical elements, Polymerization, Diffraction, Data storage, Diffraction gratings

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2011 Paper

Corrected coupled-wave theory for non-slanted reflection gratings

L. Alberto Estepa, Cristian Neipp, Jorge Francés, Andrés Márquez, Sergio Bleda, Manuel Pérez-Molina, Manuel Ortuño, Sergi Gallego

Proceedings Volume 8171, 81710R (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.896877

KEYWORDS: Diffraction gratings, Refractive index, Diffraction, Modulation, Wave propagation, Differential equations, Chemical mechanical planarization, Dielectrics, Maxwell's equations, Holograms

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Proceedings Article | 21 September 2011 Paper

Analysis of the diffraction efficiency of reflection and transmission holographic gratings by means of a parallel FDTD approach

J. Francés, S. Bleda, S. Gallego, C. Neipp, A. Márquez, I. Pascual, A. Beléndez

Proceedings Volume 8167, 816709 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.896873

KEYWORDS: Finite-difference time-domain method, Diffraction gratings, Holography, Diffraction, Thin films, Reflectivity, Refractive index, Optical components, Electromagnetism, Computer simulations

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Proceedings Article | 14 May 2010 Paper

Interpolatory fixed-point algorithm for an efficient computation of TE and TM modes in arbitrary 1D structures at oblique incidence

Manuel Pérez Molina, Jorge Francés Monllor, Mariela Álvarez López, Cristian Neipp López, Luis Carretero López

Proceedings Volume 7717, 771704 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.854275

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Transmittance, Diffraction gratings, Matrices, Electromagnetism, Algorithm development, Optical coatings, Optical filters, Polarization, Modulation

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Proceedings Article | 14 May 2010 Paper

Transference matrix method for non slanted holographic reflection gratings

Cristian Neipp, Jorge Francés, Manuel Pérez-Molina, Sergio Bleda, Augusto Beléndez

Proceedings Volume 7717, 771706 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.854277

KEYWORDS: Diffraction gratings, Holograms, Diffraction, Holography, Wave propagation, Dielectrics, Refractive index, Radio propagation, Light wave propagation, Volume holography

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 2009 Paper

Linear response deviations in photopolymers

M. Ortuño, C. Neipp, E. Fernández, M. Álvarez, A. Beléndez

Proceedings Volume 7358, 735815 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.820449

KEYWORDS: Photopolymers, Diffraction, Diffusion, Polymers, Diffraction gratings, Modulation, Holography, Holograms, Refractive index, Polymerization

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Proceedings Article | 25 January 2008 Paper

Real-time interferometric characterization of a PVA based photopolymer

Andrés Márquez, Sergi Gallego, David Méndez, Manuel Ortuño, Elena Fernández, Mariela Álvarez, Cristian Neipp, Augusto Beléndez, Inmaculada Pascual

Proceedings Volume 6912, 691217 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.763548

KEYWORDS: Modulation, Holography, Interferometers, Interferometry, Spatial frequencies, Diffusion, Phase shift keying, Phase shifts, Holographic materials, Polymers

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Proceedings Article | 25 January 2008 Paper

New trends on photopolymers

M. Ortuño, E. Fernández, S. Gallego, A. Márquez, C. Neipp, I. Pascual, A. Beléndez

Proceedings Volume 6912, 691207 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.762658

KEYWORDS: Photopolymers, Holography, Holograms, Diffraction, Toxicity, Polymers, Diffraction gratings, Holographic optical elements, Holographic materials, Humidity

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Proceedings Article | 9 June 2006 Paper

High thickness acrylamide photopolymer for peristrophic multiplexing

Manuel Ortuño, Elena Fernández, A. Márquez, Sergi Gallego, Cristian Neipp, Inmaculada Pascual

Proceedings Volume 6252, 62520U (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.677014

KEYWORDS: Holograms, Multiplexing, Diffraction gratings, Holography, Diffraction, Holographic materials, Nd:YAG lasers, Helium neon lasers, Polymers, Plutonium

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The acrylamide photolymers are considered interesting materials for holographic media. They have high diffraction efficiency (ratio of the intensities of the diffracted and the incident beams), an intermediate energetic sensitivity among other materials and post-processing steps are not necessary, therefore the media is not altered. The layers of these materials, about 1 mm thick, are a suitable media for recording many diffraction gratings in the same volume of photopolymer using peristrophic multiplexing technique, with great practical importance in the field of holographic memories type WORM (write once read many). In this work we study the recording of diffraction gratings by peristrophic multiplexing with axis of rotation perpendicular to the recording media. The photopolymer is composed of acrylamide as the polymerizable monomer, triethanolamine as radical generator, yellowish eosin as sensitizer and a binder of polyvinyl alcohol. We analyze the holographic behaviour of the material during recording and reconstruction of diffraction gratings using a continuous Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) at an intensity of 5 mW/cm² as recording laser. The response of the material is monitored after recording with an He-Ne laser. We study the recording process of unslanted diffraction gratings of 1125 lines/mm. The diffraction efficiency of each hologram is seen to decrease as the number of holograms recorded increases, due to consumption of the available dynamic range, in a constant exposure scheduling. It can be seen that the photopolymer works well with high energy levels, without excessive dispersion of light by noise gratings. In order to homogenize the diffraction efficiency of each hologram we use the method proposed by Pu. This method is designed to share all or part of the avaliable dynamic range of the recording material among the holograms to be multiplexed. Using exposure schedules derived from this method we have used 3 scheduling recordings from the algorithm used. Additionaly, we use an exponential scheduling recording in order to correct the exposure times from the first iteration of the algorithm.

Proceedings Article | 9 June 2006 Paper

3D behaviour of photopolymers as holographic recording material

Sergi Gallego, Manuel Ortuño, Cristian Neipp, A. Márquez, John Kelly, John Sheridan, Augusto Beléndez, Inmaculada Pascual

Proceedings Volume 6252, 62520B (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.676525

KEYWORDS: Photopolymers, Holography, Signal attenuation, Polymerization, Refractive index, Diffusion, 3D modeling, Modulation, Holographic materials, Holograms

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Proceedings Article | 9 June 2006 Paper

Examination of the temporal and kinetic effects in acrylamide based photopolymer using the nonlocal polymer driven diffusion model (NPDD)

John Kelly, Michael Gleeson, Feidhlim O'Neill, John Sheridan, Sergi Gallego, Cristian Neipp

Proceedings Volume 6252, 625207 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.676506

KEYWORDS: Diffusion, Polymers, Polymerization, Refractive index, Modulation, Holography, Diffraction gratings, Diffraction, Data modeling, Systems modeling

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Proceedings Article | 9 June 2006 Paper

Analysis of amplitude and phase coupling in volume holography

A. Márquez, C. Neipp, L. Yaroslavsky, S. Gallego, M. Ortuño, A. Beléndez, I. Pascual

Proceedings Volume 6252, 62521H (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.677159

KEYWORDS: Modulation, Phase shift keying, Holograms, Volume holography, Computer generated holography, Phase modulation, Holography, Amplitude modulation, Wavefronts, Diffraction gratings

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Proceedings Article | 25 April 2006 Paper

3-dimensional analysis of holographic memories based on photopolymers using finite differences method

Sergi Gallego, Manuel Ortuño, Cristian Neipp, Andrés Márquez, Augusto Beléndez, Elena Fernández, John Kelly, John Sheridan

Proceedings Volume 6187, 618714 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.662481

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Diffusion, Photopolymers, Refractive index, Signal attenuation, Holography, Modulation, Finite difference methods, Polymerization, Holograms

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2006 Paper

Analysis of the temporal effects on grating evolution in photopolymer

John Kelly, Michael Gleeson, Ciara Close, Feidhlim O' Neill, John Sheridan, Sergi Gallego, Cristian Neipp

Proceedings Volume 6187, 618704 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.663444

KEYWORDS: Refractive index, Polymers, Diffusion, Modulation, Polymerization, Data modeling, Neodymium, Holography, Finite-difference time-domain method, Diffraction

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The nonlocal polymerization driven diffusion model is used to describe holographic grating formation in acrylamidebased photopolymer. The free radical chain polymerization process results in polymer being generated nonlocal both in space and time to the point of chain initiation. A Gaussian spatial material response function and an exponential temporal material response function are used to account for these effects. In this paper we firstly examine the nature of the temporal evolution of grating formation for short recording periods. It is shown that in this case, temporal effects become most notable and the inclusion of the nonlocal temporal response function is shown to be necessary to accurately describe the process. In particular, brief post exposure selfamplification of the refractive index modulation is noted. This is attributed to continued chain growth for a brief period after exposure. Following this a slight decay in the grating amplitude also occurs. This we believe is due to the continued diffusion of monomer after exposure. Since the sinusoidal recording pattern generates a monomer concentration gradient during the recording process monomer diffusion occurs both during and after exposure. The evolution of the refractive index modulation is determined by the respective refractive index values of the recording material components. From independent measurements it is noted that the refractive index value of the monomer is slightly less than that of the background material. Therefore as monomer diffuses back into the dark regions, a reduction in overall refractive index modulation occurs. Volume changes occurring within the material also affect the nature of grating evolution. To model these effects we employ a free volume concept. Due to the fact that the covalent single carbon bond in the polymer is up to 50% shorter than the van der Waals bond in the liquid monomer state, free volume is created when monomer is converted to polymer. For each bond conversion we assume a hole is generated which then collapses at some characteristic rate constant. Incorporating each of these effects into our model, the model is then solved using a Finite-Difference Time- Domain method (FDTD). The Lorentz-Lorenz relation is used to determine the overall evolution refractive index modulation and the corresponding diffraction efficiency of the resulting grating is calculated using Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA). Fits are then carried out to experimental data for 1 second exposures. Good quality fits are achieved and material parameters extracted. Monomer diffusion rates are determined to be of the order of D ~ 10^-10 cm^2/s and the time constant of the nonlocal material temporal response function being of the order of τ_n ~ 10^-2s. Material shrinkage occurring over these recording periods is also determined.

Proceedings Article | 24 October 2005 Open Access

Effective physical optics hands-on experience through the characterization of a CD and a DVD

A. Márquez, M. Álvarez, C. Neipp, D. Méndez, A. Beléndez

Proceedings Volume 9664, 96642L (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2207707

KEYWORDS: Digital video discs, Compact discs, Diffraction, Diffraction gratings, Physics, Optical tracking, Reflectivity, Dispersion, Optical discs, Consumer electronics

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Proceedings Article | 24 October 2005 Open Access

Complementary approaches with and without a Fourier plane for optical image processing education

A. Márquez, C. Neipp, S. Gallego, M. Ortuño, I. Pascual, M. Yzuel, A. Beléndez, J. Campos

Proceedings Volume 9664, 966410 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2207742

KEYWORDS: Image processing, Optical correlators, Diffraction gratings, Volume holography, Optical filters, Image transmission, Image filtering, Visualization, Fourier transforms, CCD cameras

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