KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Airglow, Oxygen, Charge-coupled devices, Satellites, Field programmable gate arrays, LED displays, Satellite imaging, Earth's atmosphere, Signal to noise ratio
Mesospheric gravity waves play important roles in atmospheric circulation and variability. It is meaningful to obtain the features of the mesospheric gravity waves on a global scale, such as the distribution and the sources. However, limited by the field of view, the ground-based instrument can only access some local information. We developed a space-borne imager to observe the global gravity waves by collecting the O2 airglow with TDI (Time Delayed and Integration) method. The function of the imager was testified in our laboratory with a led screen, where the gravity waves were simulated and shown. On a satellite orbit with the altitude of 700 km and inclination of 73 degree, the imager can obtain the gravity waves with horizontal wavelength more than 10 km, even taking the effect induced by the earth rotation into account.
The CSSAR airglow imager is developed to investigate the atmospheric gravity waves near the
mesopause region. The CSSAR imager consists of a fisheye with a focal length of 10.5 mm and an F
number of 2.8, three pieces of lenses for collimation, two filters, an imaging lens and a scientific CCD
camera with 1024x1024 array, 24x24 micros pixels. Two filters for measuring the OH Meinel band
(750-850nm) airglow layer peaking at 87 km and the O2 (865nm) airglow layer peaking at 90 km are
used in the imager. Preliminary observation of the all-sky OH Meinel band airglow has been done
during 02:00 to 06:00 on Jan. 5th, 2009, at Hancun (39.4°N, 116.6°E), Langfang, Hebei, which is the
first time to image gravity wave in China. Case study shows that one quasi-monochromatic gravity
wave has the horizontal wavelength of ~19 km, observed horizontal phase velocity of ~18 m/s,
horizontal propagating azimuth direction of ~269° and observed period of ~18 min.
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