Mr. Dennis A. Ceh Profile

Dennis A. Ceh

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Proceedings Article | 18 March 2015 Paper

Dynamic heart phantom with functional mitral and aortic valves

Claire Vannelli, John Moore, Jonathan McLeod, Dennis Ceh, Terry Peters

Proceedings Volume 9415, 941503 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082277

KEYWORDS: Heart, Silicon, Ultrasonography, Imaging systems, Surgery, Neodymium, Medical imaging, Actuators, Sensors, Fluoroscopy

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Cardiac valvular stenosis, prolapse and regurgitation are increasingly common conditions, particularly in an elderly population with limited potential for on-pump cardiac surgery. NeoChord©, MitraClip© and numerous stent-based transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) devices provide an alternative to intrusive cardiac operations; performed while the heart is beating, these procedures require surgeons and cardiologists to learn new image-guidance based techniques. Developing these visual aids and protocols is a challenging task that benefits from sophisticated simulators. Existing models lack features needed to simulate off-pump valvular procedures: functional, dynamic valves, apical and vascular access, and user flexibility for different activation patterns such as variable heart rates and rapid pacing. We present a left ventricle phantom with these characteristics. The phantom can be used to simulate valvular repair and replacement procedures with magnetic tracking, augmented reality, fluoroscopy and ultrasound guidance. This tool serves as a platform to develop image-guidance and image processing techniques required for a range of minimally invasive cardiac interventions. The phantom mimics in vivo mitral and aortic valve motion, permitting realistic ultrasound images of these components to be acquired. It also has a physiological realistic left ventricular ejection fraction of 50%. Given its realistic imaging properties and non-biodegradable composition—silicone for tissue, water for blood—the system promises to reduce the number of animal trials required to develop image guidance applications for valvular repair and replacement. The phantom has been used in validation studies for both TAVI image-guidance techniques¹, and image-based mitral valve tracking algorithms².

Proceedings Article | 18 March 2015 Paper

Acoustic characterization of polyvinyl chloride and self-healing silicone as phantom materials

Dennis Ceh, Terry Peters, Elvis C. Chen

Proceedings Volume 9412, 94123G (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2081449

KEYWORDS: Signal attenuation, Silicon, Acoustics, Tissues, Ultrasonography, Transducers, Skin, Oscilloscopes, Medical imaging, Solids

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Phantoms are physical constructs used in procedure planning, training, medical imaging research, and machine calibration. Depending on the application, the material a phantom is made out of is very important. With ultrasound imaging, phantom materials used need to have similar acoustic properties, specifically speed of sound and attenuation, as a specified tissue. Phantoms used with needle insertion require a material with a similar tensile strength as tissue and, if possible, the ability to self heal increasing its overall lifespan. Soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and silicone were tested as possible needle insertion phantom materials. Acoustic characteristics were determined using a time of flight technique, where a pulse was passed through a sample contained in a water bath. The speed of sound and attenuation were both determined manually and through spectral analysis. Soft PVC was determined to have a speed of sound of approximately 1395 m/s and attenuation of 0.441 dB/cm (at 1 MHz). For the silicone mixture, the respective speed of sound values was within a range of 964.7 m/s and 1250.0 m/s with an attenuation of 0.547 dB/cm (at 1 MHz).

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