Zhetao Jia, Wayesh Qarony, Jagang Park, Sean Hooten, Difan Wen, Yertay Zhiyenbayev, Matteo Seclì, Walid Redjem, Scott Dhuey, Adam Schwartzberg, Eli Yablonovitch, Boubacar Kanté
Inverse design has become a powerful tool in photonics for creating compact, high-performance devices. However, its application has been mostly limited to linear systems, with minimal exploration in nonlinear regimes. Additionally, the ”black box” nature of these techniques limits understanding of the optimized structures. Here, We introduce an inverse design approach to enhance on-chip photon pair generation efficiency using the opensource package EMopt. Our method employs a multi-frequency co-optimization strategy and calculates gradients via the adjoint method. Efficiency improvements result from field intensification in high-quality factor triply-resonant cavity resonances and better phase-matching conditions. We validate our method by fabricating and characterizing an optimized device that efficiently generates photon pairs, adhering to fabrication constraints and suitable for scalable quantum light sources in large-scale computing and communication applications. The design’s shape can be explained using effective potential analysis. This optimization technique can extend to other nonlinear processes for compact on-chip frequency-mixing devices.
Inverse design has proved to be a powerful tool in photonics for compact, high-performance devices. To date, applications have been limited to linear systems but have rarely been investigated or demonstrated in nonlinear regimes. In addition, the "black box” nature of inverse design techniques hinders the understanding of the optimized structure. Here, we propose an inverse design approach to amplify the efficiency of on-chip photon pair generation. We implement this strategy based on the open-source package EMopt. Our method employs a multi-frequency co-optimization strategy and calculates gradients with respect to the design parameters via the adjoint method. The resulting efficiency enhancement stems not only from the field intensification due to the confinement of light from high-quality factor cavity resonances but also from the improvement of phase-matching conditions, along with coupling between the cavity and waveguide mode considered in the design. We demonstrate the capability of the proposed method by fabricating and characterizing an optimized device that enables the efficient generation of photon pairs. Our design follows the fabrication constraints and can be used for scalable quantum light sources in large-scale computing and communication applications. Interestingly, the shape of the proposed design can also be explained by the effective potential method. The proposed optimization technique can be generalized to other nonlinear processes for compact frequency-mixing devices on-chip.
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