This research conducts a comprehensive study of a laser coherent detection system utilizing balanced detector. The investigation explores the effects of key factors on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), such as the fiber optic coupler’s coupling ratio (CR), quantum efficiency matching ratio between the diodes of the balanced detector (QER), the local oscillator (LO) optical power. A self-built 1550nm vibration measurement laser system was built to detect the indoor acoustic vibration. Conduct time-frequency analysis of the vibration signal, and evaluate the results through the evaluation indicators, sliding window spectral estimation (SWSE) to calculate the SNR. The results show that when the LO optical power approximates 1.47mW, the SNR are in the optimal range. This research not only enhances the expansion of later target classification to fine recognition, but also provides reference value for various applications.
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