The material properties of different piezoelectric ceramics were
studied at elevated temperatures using the resonance method. Specifically the behavior of the longitudinal and transverse charge coefficients, dielectric constant, compliance coefficient and coupling
coefficient were investigated. The modes studied were the length
expander modes with the field both parallel and perpendicular to
the strain and the materials under investigation were PZT (Navy
II), Lead Metaniobate and Bismuth Titanate. All the samples
studied were from the same manufacturing batch. The measured
values of the charge coefficient at room temperature were compared
with those obtained through direct methods (d33 meter and
laser interferometer) and were found to compare well. Each
material is affected differently by temperature changes, though
all show a general increase in the charge coefficient with an
increase in temperature. The increase in values of the charge
coefficient is seen to be mainly due to the increase in the
dielectric constant with very little influence from the mechanical
coupling and compliance, except close to the Curie temperature
where the coupling coefficient goes to zero. Bismuth Titanate has
the widest temperature range however, based on a temperature scale
normalized by the Curie Temperature PZT Navy II and Lead
Metaniobate show the more stable material properties.
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