Proc. SPIE. 11329, Advanced Etch Technology for Nanopatterning IX
KEYWORDS: Etching, Optical lithography, Silicon, Fin field effect transistors, Front end of line, Dry etching, Field effect transistors, Gallium arsenide, Plasma etching, Nanowires
FinFETs have demonstrated significant performance improvement compared to planar devices, because of its superior short channel control and higher driving capability at a much smaller footprint. It has become the mainstream technology in CMOS industry since N20 node onward. Contact Poly Pitch (CPP) scaling used to be the main driving force in extending Moore’s law. However, severe limitations are foreseen from N3 node in terms of electrical performance, process requirements and manufacturing complexity. At N3 node, both fin and gate pitches are expected to reach their ultimate values, respectively 21 nm and 42 nm. Therefore, complex plasma etching processes using advanced plasma pulsing modes or atomic layer etching (ALE) are deployed to achieve high aspect ratio patterning capability with a detrimental effect on both process control and throughput. As an alternative, device architecture innovation will become the main scaling driving force for N3 node and beyond. 2D scaling like horizontal Gate-All-Around (GAA) devices, such as nanosheet (NS) and forksheet (FS) have demonstrated the potential for further device performance improvement [1,2]. The major NS patterning challenges are the SiGe lateral etch in the Si/SiGe superlattice stack and severe depth micro-loading due to the etch rate difference of SiGe and Si. In addition, 3D hybrid device architectures like Complementary FET (CFET) and Surrounding-Gate-Transistors (SGT) are proposed as revolutionary innovations to scale the devices in the vertical direction. For CFET devices, the N/P separation is moved to the vertical direction by stacking nMOS on top of pMOS or vice versa to achieve aggressive device scaling. This requires extremely high aspect ratio fin and gate patterning compared to horizontal-GAA NS devices. For SGT device, the channel is switched to the vertical direction, which can decouple the Gate length (Lg) from CPP scaling and eliminate the diffusion break to deeply scale the cell size. High aspect ratio vertical nanowire (NW) and direct metal gate etching with tight pitch are the new FEOL patterning challenges for the fabrication of SGT vertical devices.
We report a 20 nm half-pitch self-aligned double patterning (SADPP) process based on a resist-core approach. Line/space 20/20 nm features in silicon are successfully obtained with CDvariation, LWR and LER of 0.7 nm, 2.4 nm and 2.3 nm respectively. The LWR and LER are characterized at each technological step of the process using a power spectral density fitting method, which allows a spectral analysis of the roughness and the determination of unbiased roughness values. Although the SADP concept generates two asymmetric populations of lines, the final LLWR and LER are similar. We show that this SADP process allows to decrease significantly the LWR and the LER of about 62% and 48% compared to the initial photoresist patterns. This study also demonstrates that SADP is a very powerful concept to decrease CD uniformity and LWR especially in its low-frequency components to reach sub-20 nm node requirements. However, LER low-frequency components are still high and remain a key issue tot address for an optimized integration.
Efficient coupling between a localized quantum emitter and a well defined optical channel represents a powerful route to
realize single-photon sources and spin-photon interfaces. The tailored fiber-like photonic nanowire embedding a single
quantum dot has recently demonstrated an appealing potential. However, the device requires a delicate, sharp needle-like
taper with performance sensitive to minute geometrical details. To overcome this limitation we demonstrate the photonic
trumpet, exploiting an opposite tapering strategy. The trumpet features a strongly Gaussian far-field emission. A first
implementation of this strategy has lead to an ultra-bright single-photon source with a first-lens external efficiency of
0.75 ± 0.1 and a predicted coupling to a Gaussian beam of 0.61 ± 0.08.
Efficient coupling between a localized quantum emitter and a well defined optical channel represents a powerful route to realize single-photon sources and spin-photon interfaces. The tailored fiber-like photonic nanowire embedding a single quantum dot has recently demonstrated an appealing potential. However, the device requires a delicate, sharp needle-like taper with performance sensitive to minute geometrical details. To overcome this limitation we demonstrate the photonic trumpet, exploiting an opposite tapering strategy. The trumpet features a strongly Gaussian far-field emission. A first implementation of this strategy has lead to an ultra-bright single-photon source with a first-lens external efficiency of 0.75 ± 0.1 and a predicted coupling to a Gaussian beam of 0.61 ± 0.08.
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