The ESA EarthCARE (Earth Clouds Aerosols and Radiation Explorer) mission includes the BBR (Broad-Band
Radiometer), the instrument responsible to provide measurements of broadband radiances over the along-track
satellite path. The BBR footprint will be geolocated in space and time with the passive sensor, MSI (Multi-Spectral Imager), and the active sensors, ATLID (ATmospheric LIDar) and CPR (Cloud Profiler Radar) onboard the same platform.
The role of the BBR was defined to provide the boundary condition for top of atmosphere flux densities.
Thus, the radiance to flux conversion is the main objective for the BBR retrieval algorithms. This conversion
has been so far carried out by using specific angular distribution models (ADMs). In this process, every radiance
is classified in a unique scene bin of observations characterized by a similar anisotropic behaviour. Each of these
scene bins is defined by a range of values distinguishable by the MSI. But the MSI can only extract vertically
integrated retrievals. Therefore, in multi-layer cloud configurations, scene identification (ID) by means of the
MSI retrievals will not distinguish the 3-D structure of the real scenes. Thus, these scenes will most probably be
wrongly identified. But, since active sensors are present on the same satellite platform, it would be possible to
use their observations to contribute to the BBR scene ID.
This work shows a preliminary simulation approach to demonstrate the advantages of this methodology by
applying it to multi-layer clouds. The clouds have been built with a stochastic cloud generator model, and the
radiative transfer simulations have been carried out with the EarthCARE Simulator, a Monte-Carlo code capable
to reproduce the observations of the different mission instruments taking into account the specific characteristics
of each sensor.
The purpose of this work is to compare top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiances as measured by the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) instrument on board the METEOSAT-8 (METEOSAT Second Generation) satellite to equivalent independent radiances obtained from radiative transfer simulations performed using surface and atmospheric measured parameters gathered during the GERB Surface Ground Validation Campaign at the Valencia Anchor Station (VAS) reference area in February 2004. In this paper we try to extend the methodology previously developed and tested for the NASA Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument in the framework of the SEVIRI and GERB Cal/val Area for Large scale field ExperimentS (SCALES) project, to validate GERB much lower spatial resolution data (pixel size of the order of 60 x 60 km2 over the VAS). The study also includes the selection of atmospheric profiles from on-purpose radiosonde and GPS (Global Positioning System) data, a BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) estimation for the large-scale study area and Streamer radiative transfer simulations of TOA shortwave and longwave radiances.
Ernesto Lopez-Baeza, Fernando Belda, Alejandro Bodas, Dominique Crommelynck, Steven Dewitte, Carlos Domenech, Jaume Gimeno, John Harries, Joan Jorge Sanchez, Nicolau Pineda, David Pino, Antonio Rius, Kauzar Saleh, Ramon Tarruella, Almudena Velazquez
The main objective of the SCALES Project is to exploit the unique opportunity offered by the recent launch of the first European METEOSAT Second Generation geostationary satellite (MSG-1) to generate and validate new radiation budget and cloud products provided by the GERB (Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget) instrument. SCALES’ specific objectives are: (i) definition and characterization of a large reasonably homogeneous area compatible to GERB pixel size (around 50 x 50 km2), (ii) validation of GERB TOA radiances and fluxes derived by means of angular distribution models, (iii) development of algorithms to estimate surface net radiation from GERB TOA measurements, and (iv) development of accurate methodologies to measure radiation flux divergence and analyze its influence on the thermal regime and dynamics of the atmosphere, also using GERB data. SCALES is highly innovative: it focuses on a new and unique space instrument and develops a new specific validation methodology for low resolution sensors that is based on the use of a robust reference meteorological station (Valencia Anchor Station) around which 3D high resolution meteorological fields are obtained from the MM5 Meteorological Model. During the 1st GERB Ground Validation Campaign (18th-24th June, 2003), CERES instruments on Aqua and Terra provided additional radiance measurements to support validation efforts. CERES instruments operated in the PAPS mode (Programmable Azimuth Plane Scanning) focusing the station. Ground measurements were taken by lidar, sun photometer, GPS precipitable water content, radiosounding ascents, Anchor Station operational meteorological measurements at 2m and 15m., 4 radiation components at 2m, and mobile stations to characterize a large area. In addition, measurements during LANDSAT overpasses on June 14th and 30th were also performed. These activities were carried out within the GIST (GERB International Science Team) framework, during GERB Commissioning Period.
With the aid of CERES/TRMM (Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System/Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) data, sampling problems that may impact the construction of anisotropic models have been investigated. We show the influence of the sun-orbit geometry, which causes a lack of measurements in forward and backward scattering directions at large viewing zenith angles, and how cloud properties retrieval algorithms as obtained from the Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS) also affect sampling. We have also focused our attention on the dependency of the cloud cover retrieval algorithm with respect to the viewing zenith angle (VZA), showing that the shape of the cloud cover probability density function changes with VZA, becoming smoother, although this change in shape is only significant for VZAs larger than around 60 degrees. From 14 days of CERES/TRMM data, SW and LW anisotropic models have been built, and a performance analysis based on the error dependency with the observing geometry has been carried out. With scene identification in terms of cloud cover, a preferred region in the flux retrieval algorithm usually appears in the region of VZAs around 55 degrees, giving the possibility to obtain flux estimates with good accuracy and simple anisotropic models.
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