Dr. Ezekiel S.L. Tan Profile

Dr. Ezekiel S.L. Tan

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Proceedings Article | 22 March 2005 Paper

Stereoscopy in orthopaedics

S. Tan

Proceedings Volume 5664, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.580062

KEYWORDS: Stereoscopy, Radiography, Radiology, Computed tomography, Surgery, Stereoscopic displays, Endoscopy, Glasses, Visualization, Video

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Stereoscopy was used in medicine as long ago as 1898, but has not gained widespread acceptance except for a peak in the 1930's. It retains a use in orthopaedics in the form of Radiostereogrammetrical Analysis (RSA), though this is now done by computer software without using stereopsis. Combining computer assisted stereoscopic displays with both conventional plain films and reconstructed volumetric axial data, we are reassessing the use of stereoscopy in orthopaedics. Applications include use in developing nations or rural settings, erect patients where axial imaging cannot be used, and complex deformity and trauma reconstruction. Extension into orthopaedic endoscopic systems and teaching aids (e.g. operative videos) are further possibilities. The benefits of stereoscopic vision in increased perceived resolution and depth perception can help orthopaedic surgeons achieve more accurate diagnosis and better pre-operative planning. Limitations to currently available stereoscopic displays which need to be addressed prior to widespread acceptance are: availability of hardware and software, loss of resolution, use of glasses, and image “ghosting”. Journal publication, the traditional mode of information dissemination in orthopaedics, is also viewed as a hindrance to the acceptance of stereoscopy - it does not deliver the full impact of stereoscopy and “hands-on” demonstrations are needed.

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