One of the issues in the organic solar-cell technology that needs attention before mass production is its low long-term stability. These devices need often to be exposed to the light to improve their photovoltaic properties. This effect, known as light soaking, is the cause of challenges related to correct measurements and proper determination of the device lifetime. Lifetime determination and investigation of failure mechanisms of solar-cell devices require reliable measurement approaches. This paper presents the systematic studies on proper analysis of degradation dynamics of organic solar cells (OSCs) taking into account the light-soaking effect. Five groups of organic solar-cell annealed at various conditions (110°C to 170°C and nonannealed) were under investigation for 100 days. Measurement procedure for proper investigation of light-soaking effect is proposed. Solar-cell efficiency improvement, due to light-soaking effect, in range 8% to 27% was observed for as fabricated devices. After 100 days of study, the light soaking-related efficiency improvement increased up to over 100% of initial efficiency. Device lifetimes strongly depend on measurement methods, which were applied. Our results show the importance of taking into account the changes in magnitude of the light-soaking effect in measurements and degradation studies of OSCs.
Laser processing is an important application for fabrication of silicon solar cells, e.g. buried contacts, laser fired contacts
or edge isolation. At Fraunhofer ISE a liquid-jet guided laser is used for Laser Chemical Processing (LCP). Both the
fundamentals of laser material ablation with this system and the application of various processes for solar cell fabrication
are investigated. The applications are divided into two main areas: Microstructuring and deep laser cutting (wafering) of
silicon substrates. Microstructuring contains the investigation and characterization of laser induced damage and selective
emitter formation for n- and p-type emitters depending on laser parameters and liquid properties. One of the most
important and industrially relevant topics at the moment is the formation of a selective highly doped emitter under the
metal fingers of solar cells. Wafering deals with the evaluation of suitable laser parameters, adequate chemicals or
chemical additives and the understanding of ablation processes by simulation and experimental work.
In this presentation newest results concerning n-type doping for varying laser and liquid parameters will be presented
with regard to cell efficiency and contact resistance. Furthermore a short overview of promising LCP applications will be
given, e.g. p-type doping and wafering.
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