Flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show promise for next-gen photovoltaics, but achieving stability remains challenging, especially between rigid and flexible substrates. This study optimizes flexible PSCs' stability and reproducibility by selecting substrates, refining cleaning processes, and enhancing interfaces. Evaluating various substrates for flexibility, roughness, and perovskite compatibility, a meticulous cleaning protocol removes contaminants, improving perovskite-adhesive interactions. Emphasis on buried interfaces minimizes defects and boosts charge transport. Results show improved PSC efficiency (15.2% to 19.7%) and cycle durability (130 to 850 cycles, bending radius 5mm, reaching T80). Closing the performance gap, these findings advance reliable flexible PSCs for portable electronics, wearables, and building-integrated photovoltaics.
Francesco Di Giacomo, Yulia Galagan, Santhosh Shanmugam, Harrie Gorter, Fieke van den Bruele, Gerwin Kirchner, Ike de Vries, Henri Fledderus, Herbert Lifka, Sjoerd Veenstra, Tom Aernouts, Pim Groen, Ronn Andrissen
Organometallic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are extremely promising novel materials for thin-film photovoltaics, exhibiting efficiencies over 22% on glass and over 17% on foil 1, 2 . First, a sheet-to-sheet (S2S) production of PSCs and modules on 152x152 mm2 substrates was established, using a combination of sputtering, e-beam evaporation, slot die coating and thermal evaporation (average PCE of 14.6 ± 1.3 % over 64 devices, more than 10% initial PCE on modules). Later the steps towards a roll-to-roll production will be investigated, starting from the optimization of the stack to make it compatible with a faster production at low temperature. A water based SnOx nanoparticles dispersion was used as solution processable ETL, and the deposition process was scaled-up from spin coating to R2R slot die coating on a 300 mm wide roll of PET/ITO. R2R production is often carried out in ambient atmosphere and involve the use of large volumes of materials, thus a first point is the development of a green solvent and precursor system for the perovskite layer to prevent the emission of toxic compound in the environment. The first results on device fabrication are encouraging, which allow partial R2R manufacturing of flexible PSC (R2R coating of SnOx and perovskite, S2S for Spiro-OMeTAD and gold) with stabilized PCE of 12.6%, a remarkable value for these novel devices. This result can be considered an important milestone towards the production of efficient, low cost, lightweight, flexible PSC on large area.
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