The fundamental opto-electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials can be tailored based on their nanoscale charge environment. Charge transfer at the interface of two atomically-thin layers offers a route to nanoscale charge modulation at the smallest possible length scales. In our study, we exploit this behavior to achieve nanoscale control of charge-transfer plasmon-polaritons (CPPs) and phonon-polaritons (PhPs) in graphene/α-RuCl3 and hBN/α-RuCl3 heterostructures, respectively. Using infrared near-field optical microscopy, we directly observe CPPs and PhPs, revealing emergent charge doping and optical conductivity at these novel 2D interfaces. Our results validate charge-transfer interfaces as tunable platforms for confined light.
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