In the past few years, self assembly colloidal structures based on opals have received large attention because they offer a
cost-effective way of designing ultra-compact and efficient all-optical devices. In this study, we present various
approaches to design waveguides and cavities in three-dimensional opal-based photonic crystals. Three practical designs
with size suitable to telecommunication technologies at 1.55 μm are presented. First, we show that the creation of a
hexagonal superlattice of defects in a direct monolayer of spheres yields the opening of a photonic band gap below the
light line so that the inclusion of a linear defect in this structure enables the creation of a theoretically lossless
waveguide. We also propose the design of a waveguide in a 2D-3D heterostructure, where a graphite lattice of rods is
sandwiched between two inverse opal claddings. This structure enables single-mode waveguiding with a maximal
bandwidth of 129 nm. Finally, we give the design of a linear cavity, whose quality factor is increased by a factor of 5
when surrounded by an inverse opal.
One-dimensional magneto-optical (MO) photonic crystals display enhanced MO effect due to the localization of light, it can be used to fabricate small-size optical isolator with only tens of micros which can enlarge the integration of system. A transfer matrix method (TMM) that is suitable for solving the problems of the propagation of polarized light in anisotropic media at an arbitrary incidence angle, is described detailedly in this paper. Using this method, we discussed two types of reflection-mode "sandwich structure" of MOMF isolator, and found that the structure with thicker MO layer has advantages in working stability and fabrication.
To get two-dimensional (2-D) complete bandgap, a square lattice with complex crystal cell and a rectangular lattice with dielectric cylinders in air were investigated using plane wave expansion method. Their band structures were found to be different from those of an exact square lattice and they both can be implemented 2D compelte bandgaps. The rectangular lattice has compete 2D bandgaps when the ratio of the two bases is chosen properly.
The transfer matrix method and the block-iterative frequency-domain method are used to calculate the point defect of 2D photonic crystals. The transmission and dispersin curves are analyzed and discuss the mechanism of increasing Q value using point defect photonic crystal as laser resonant microcavity.
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