Dr. Gary C. Vezzoli Profile

Dr. Gary C. Vezzoli

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Proceedings Article | 28 September 2007 Paper

Physics and capabilities of terahertz spectroscopy to study the water-biomolecule interaction

G. Vezzoli

Proceedings Volume 6772, 67720U (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.754472

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Sulfur, Molecules, Polymers, Liquids, Absorption, Polymerization, Temperature metrology, Spectroscopy, Physics

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We have conducted the first study of the use of terahertz radiation to precisely identify pre-melting, melting, polymerization, depolymerization and the influence of polar water in sulfur by scanning frequency as a parametric function of temperature, and including identifying precursor and intermediate states. This spectroscopic study has also identified the orthorhombic-monoclinic phase transformation, and the melting of the superheated orthorhombic phase. This work also reports detection of a water absorption indicating a perturbation of the water molecules, associated with solvation spheres of the inter-chain dynamics, as a precursor to a transition, and supporting our earlier results showing the transducing capabilities of conglomerates of water molecules. Through a study of the fine structure of the water absorption, we are able to determine information about local polarization effects which contribute to the transducing properties of water relative to a ligand. The above inorganic polymer study is applied to the understanding of the response of biomolecules to thermal and chemical influences, and data are included giving optical, electrical, and pH properties of the DNA-water system, showing a major conformational transition at ~43°C, and various forms of reconformation of DNA macromolecule due to chemical perturbation. Our results include findings aimed at complementing existing inhibitors that are intended to prevent retrovirus/phage invasion of the host cell DNA.

Proceedings Article | 12 October 2006 Paper

Terahertz spectroscopy of molten sulfur using a tunable THz source

M. Mross, T. Lowell, C. Guertin, A. O'Donnell, G. Vezzoli

Proceedings Volume 6373, 637307 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.686113

KEYWORDS: Sulfur, Terahertz radiation, Liquids, Polymerization, Reflectivity, Terahertz spectroscopy, Temperature metrology, Absorption, Bolometers, Crystals

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We have studied the liquid-liquid allotropic transitions in molten sulfur using terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. Liquid sulfur is selected as an initial choice of materials because its structure and properties are well established from previous in-situ studies by one of the current investigators (and by other researchers) using a variety of physical and chemical methodologies. It is known that sulfur melts to an equilibrium mixture of octameric (S₈) rings and short chains, with a small concentration of hexameric rings (S₆). As temperature is increased, thermal energy initiates ring scission and the resulting diradically-terminated short chains undergo covalent bonding to induce polymerization at 159-166°C. Further increase in temperature causes an increase in chain length and an increase in chain species concentration until a temperature of 188°C is reached at which the long chains (~10⁶ atoms in length) undergo chain scission, and although the chains start to break up, the polymer concentration of the mixed phases still increases. We have experimentally mapped THz absorption, transmission, and reflection/scattering effects with these known transitions in liquid sulfur, as a function of temperature and wavelength.

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