Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) are expected to have a primary role for space applications in the years to come. The growing interest for the PICs for space applications lays in the fact the integrated photonics brings notable advantages as, among others: 1) Size, Weight and Power (SWaP) reduction 2) Removal/reduction of electromagnetic interferences 3) More flexibility (e.g. Network-on-chip) 4) Convergence with integrated electronics with potential costs reduction and improved performance (e.g. Beamforming) 5) Possibility to avoid optical to electronic to optical conversions (O-E-O) by maintaining some functions at photonic level in the optical domain, like for example in optical beamforming and photonics-based up- and down-conversion However, photonic packaging is less mature than its microelectronic counterpart. In fact, considering the great advancements in designing and fabricating integrated photonic chips, photonic packaging still represents a limiting factor and requires dedicated effort especially in view of a full exploitation of integrated photonics for Space applications. There is necessity to develop the proper packaging technologies compatible with the Space requirements as well the proper packaging line processes controls and documentations. PIOTS project aims to answer such demand by creating an end-to-end packaging pilot line that is strategically oriented to the demands of ESA and European space industry. This goal will be demonstrated through the realization of two test vehicles and the validation of manufacturing processes, equipment and techniques by means of an adequate Quality System implementation, including documentation and in-line controls as required to manufacture a product complying with requirements of the space sector. The paper will update on the project status focusing on the two test vehicles: TV1 - a hermetically packaged laser integrated with a SOI device TV2- a hermetically packaged SOI device with 8 in/out pigtailed fibers.
H2020-SPACE-ORIONAS is a 3-year Research and Innovation Action program funded by the European Commission focusing on the development of compact optical transceiver and amplifier modules applicable to new generation optical inter-satellite links. ORIONAS explores photonic integrated circuits and small form factor fiber optics leveraging their success in datacenter interconnect and hi-rel aerospace applications to deliver miniaturized modules and devices that can shrink considerably the SWaP of lasercom terminals. This paper presents the most recent project achievements.
The only way to make silicon photonics technology completely exploitable at industrial level for volume production is to solve the manufacturing bottlenecks that nowadays limit the applicability of the technology, in particular related to the multiple optical interconnection and the III-V chip integration. This paper will give a survey, based principally on the work made at Inphotec labs, on the problems and the challenges related to the optical interconnections to silicon photonic devices and their impact on process automation. It will give some update to what we are currently doing and developing in our labs utilizing a custom state of the art pigtailing-automated bench, robotics, including their present limitations.
We demonstrate the automatic thermal alignment of photonic components within an integrated optical switch. The WDM optical switch involves switching elements, wavelength de-multiplexers, interleavers and monitors each one needing independent control. Our system manages rerouting of channels coming from four different directions, each carrying 12, 200GHz spaced, wavelengths into eight add/drop ports. The integrated device includes 12 interleavers, which can act either as optical de-interleavers to split the optical signal into odd and even channels or as optical interleavers that recombine the odd and even channels coming from the switching matrix. Integrated Ge photodiodes are placed in key positions within the photonic integrated circuit (PIC) are serve for monitoring. An electronic integrated circuit (EIC) drives the photonic elements by means of dedicated heating circuits (824 on-board heater control cells, 768 for the switching elements and 56 for the interleavers and the mux/de-mux) and reads out the Ge diodes photocurrent through TIAs. We applied a stochastic optimization algorithm to align the spectral response of the interleavers to the ITU grid. We exploit the thermo-optic effect to shift the interleavers pass-band in a desired spectral position. The interleavers are provided with dedicated metallic heaters that can be operated in order to tune the interleaver response, which is typically misaligned due to fabrication inaccuracies. The experimental setup is made of a tunable laser coupled with one input port of optical switch. The optimization algorithm is implemented via a software to drive the EIC till finding the best heating configuration (on the two branches of the interleaver) on the basis of the monitor diode-feedback. This way, the even and odd wavelengths input in the interleaver are directed toward the wanted lines within the switching matrix. Our method has been used for aligning the micro-ring based switching elements in the PIC as well. In that case, the integrated Ge photodiodes have been used to align the photonic components in the PIC in order to enable different pathways for the routing or the broadcasting operation of the optical switch. With no bias applied to the heaters of the switching elements, the optical signal is expected to be maximum at the through port. When the micro-ring heaters are biased, the feedback controller finds the best set of heating values that minimize the optical power at the through port of the switching node. This way, the optical signal is coupled in the drop port and the node is enabled for switching. The algorithm, implemented in LabVIEW, converges over multiple instances and it is robust against stagnation. This work aims at enabling the automatic reconfiguration/restoration of the whole WDW optical switch.
Within the European Project TERABOARD, a photonic integration platforms including electronic-photonic integration is developed to demonstrate high bandwidth high-density modules and to demonstrate cost and energy cost target objectives. Large count high bandwidth density EO interfaces for onboard and intra-data center interconnection are reported. For onboard large count interconnections a novel concept based on optical-TSV interconnection platform with no intersections and no WDM multiplexing is reported. All input/output coupler arrays based on a pluggable silica platform are reported as well.
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