KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Synthetic aperture imaging, LIDAR, Image processing, Signal processing, Analog electronics, Receivers, Transmitters, Interference (communication), Sensors
The static-mode down-looking synthetic aperture imaging ladar (SAIL) can keep the target and carrying-platform still during the collection process. Improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio in static-mode down-looking SAIL is investigated. The signal-to-noise ratio is improved by increasing scanning time and sampling rate in static-mode down-looking SAIL. In the experiment, the targets are reconstructed in different scanning time and different sampling rate. As the increasing of the scanning time and sampling rate, the reconstructed images become clearer. These techniques have a great potential for applications in extensive synthetic aperture imaging ladar fields.
A structure similar to the direct detection of the DPSK signals using polarization dependent free space Mach-Zehnder interferometer is set up to validate its ability for coherent ranging. M sequence is adopted for its superior performance in code compression. The resultant signal voltage is sampled instead of being zero crossing detected and cross-correlated with the modulation signal sampled at the same rate. The ranging peak appears in the one target setup after proper calibration of the interferometric bias point but doesn’t imply any correct range information. For the two range resolved targets, the output image doesn’t depict two independent peaks. The further study is being conducted.
The implementation of down-looking Synthetic Aperture Imaging Ladar(SAIL) uses quadratic phase history reconstruction in the travel direction and linear phase modulation reconstruction in the orthogonal direction. And the linear phase modulation in the orthogonal direction is generated by the shift of two cylindrical lenses in the two polarization-orthogonal beams. Therefore, the fast-moving of two cylindrical lenses is necessary for airborne down-looking SAIL to match the aircraft flight speed and to realize the compression of the orthogonal direction, but the quick start and the quick stop of the cylindrical lenses must greatly damage the motor and make the motion trail non-uniform. To reduce the damage and get relatively well trajectory, we make the motor move like a sinusoidal curve to make it more realistic movement, and through a resampling interpolation imaging algorithm, we can transform the nonlinear phase to linear phase, and get good reconstruction results of point target and area target in laboratory. The influences on imaging quality in different sampling positions when the motor make a sinusoidal motion and the necessity of the algorithm are analyzed. At last, we perform a comparison of the results of two cases in resolution.
Large field of view of the coherent receiver requires large detector photosurface area, but with the increase of detector photosurface area, the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of the coherent receiver will decline. A balanced photodetection with large photosurface APD can not only increase the angular field of view, and can guarantee the detection sensitivity, which satisfy the coherent receiver’s requirements. An experimental measurement of a balanced APD photodetection is reported.
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