To minimize thermal injury, the temperature monitoring with a proportional-integrative-derivative (PID) controller was applied for photothermal treatment of tumors. The thermocouple was used to estimate the temperature. However, it is impossible for thermocouple to measure the spatio-temporal developments of the temperature in tissue. In this work, we present temperature feedback-controlled photothermal treatment based on thermal infrared imager. Experiments demonstrated comparable thermal behaviors in temperature distribution and the degree of irreversible tissue denaturation for the different PID-controlled applications. Integration of temperature feedback with thermal infrared imager-assisted photothermal treatments can provide a feasible therapeutic modality to treat tumors in an effective manner.
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