In arid and semi-arid area of North China, one serious problem is soil degradation and expanding desertification, and annual net primary productivity (NPP) of terrestrial ecosystem is low, and the converted soil organic matter is also very small. Moreover, for short of precipitation, it is mainly the aeolian erosion of soil that causes severe loss of soil organic matter, which plays a negative role on NPP. According to the field data of second national soil profile survey, this paper computed the soil organic matter pool of surface soil, and its result indicates that desert has small pool of soil organic matter and grass land has big pool of soil organic matter. Further, based on remote sensing investigation of soil erosion, this paper computed annual soil loss and its distribution map, and estimated the soil organic matter lost for aeolian erosion. And NPP was also calculated by using light energy efficiency model. So based on pool of soil organic matter, loss of soil organic matter and NPP, this paper analyzed the balance of soil organic matter in North China, and we found that the overall situation of soil organic matter is loss in aeolian erosion area.
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