This paper proposes a two-dimensional back-coupled grating waveguide coupler structure and its parameter optimization method. The WGC can split a part of the photons of the incident beam uniformly in four directions, and make the split photons back-coupled to the incident direction. The unique structure enables the WGC to be applied to an array laser light source that requires uniform back coupling of the beam in four directions. In addition, through the analysis of the parameter scanning results of the WGC, we found that although the coupling efficiency in two directions of the two-dimensional grating is affected by the combined impact of multiple directional parameters, but some of these effects are major and some are minor. Using this discovery, we have greatly reduced the amount of calculation required for parameter optimization for two-dimensional WGC, and provided a certain reference for later researchers.
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