Recently found ferroelectric nematic (NF) liquid crystals are unique polar states with highly fluidic nature, which may realize many unconventional/unprecedented applications. Here in this study, we doped NF with an infrared laser dye so that it equips laser gain. Since NF is a non-centrosymmetric state and thus inherently activated for even-order nonlinear optics, this makes it possible to upconvert infrared photons into ultra-violet, via the simultaneous coherent processes of lasing and frequency doubling.
A calamitic liquid crystal composed of 1,3-dioxane and fluorinated aryl units exhibits a highly polar and fluid mesophase (MP phase). In the MP phase, anomalously large dielectric permittivity (ca. 104), ferroelectric-like polarization switching, and second harmonic generation (SHG) are observed. SHG interferometry also indicates the polarization inversion by reversing the applied electric field in the MP phase. These experimental data clearly show that in the MP phase, a unidirectional ferroelectric-like polar order exists along the director.
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