This paper discusses the methods for real-time rendering of time-varying dynamic fluoroscope images including fluid
flow for the ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) simulation. A volume rendering technique is
used to generate virtual fluoroscopy images. This paper develops an image-overlaying method which overlaps the timevarying
images onto the constant background image. The full size fluoroscopy image is computed from the initial
volume data set during the pre-processing stage, which is then saved as the background image. Only the time-varying
images are computed from the time-varying volume data set during the actual simulation. This involves relatively small
computation compared with the background image. The time-varying images are then overlaid onto the background
image to obtain the complete images. This method reduces computational overhead by removing redundant
computations. A simplified particle dynamics model is employed for fast simulation of the fluid flow. The fluid model, a
collection of particles, interacts only with the ducts based on principles of a complete elastic collision. Hence, the
velocity of the particles, when they collide with the duct, can be computed by using simple algebraic equations. The
methods are implemented for fast simulation of the ERCP.
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