Due to its anisotropic shrinkage characteristics and the instability of forming process, small module plastic gears are easy to produce complex appearance defects after forming. The traditional manual detection can not accurately identify all kinds of defects, let alone complete the full inspection and statistical analysis. Therefore, a prototype of small module plastic gear on-line detection and sorting system based on machine vision is developed. The system has the function of on-line classification and identification of plastic gear surface defects, and can realize full inspection. The watershed algorithm based on local extreme value and Canny edge extraction algorithm can accurately extract the gear defect area, mark the defect location and count the defect characteristics, complete the determination of defects such as size out of tolerance, shrinkage, burr, surface foreign matter and incompletely filled part in 0.3s, and display the defect location through the human-computer interaction interface, with a discrimination accuracy of 95%.
This paper proposes an energy analysis method of the laser tracing measurement optical system. Based on the principle of the laser tracing measurement optical system, an energy model is established to analyze the effects of non-ideal optical elements on the energy of the optical system. The simulation results show that the interference pattern is the most obvious when the split ratios of the beam splitters in the interference part and the tracing part are respectively 6:4 and 7:3. Under the above split ratios, the interference signal energy values of four receivers are close to each other and the visibility of fringe pattern reaches 0.99. The visibility of fringe patterns of four interference signals is reduced when the reflectivity of all polarization beam splitters is under non-ideal conditions in an entire optical system. The non-ideality of the transmittance of the polarization beam splitters does not affect the visibility of fringe patterns. The paper provides the theoretical basis for the accuracy improvement, reliability evaluation, optical system design and the selection of optical elements of laser tracing measurement systems.
This paper presents a novel experimental approach and a simple model for verifying that spherical mirror of laser tracking system could lessen the effect of rotation errors of gimbal mount axes based on relative motion thinking. Enough material and evidence are provided to support that this simple model could replace complex optical system in laser tracking system. This experimental approach and model interchange the kinematic relationship between spherical mirror and gimbal mount axes in laser tracking system. Being fixed stably, gimbal mount axes’ rotation error motions are replaced by spatial micro-displacements of spherical mirror. These motions are simulated by driving spherical mirror along the optical axis and vertical direction with the use of precision positioning platform. The effect on the laser ranging measurement accuracy of displacement caused by the rotation errors of gimbal mount axes could be recorded according to the outcome of laser interferometer. The experimental results show that laser ranging measurement error caused by the rotation errors is less than 0.1 μm if radial error motion and axial error motion are under 10 μm. The method based on relative motion thinking not only simplifies the experimental procedure but also achieves that spherical mirror owns the ability to reduce the effect of rotation errors of gimbal mount axes in laser tracking system.
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