The constitutive behavior of magnetostrictive materials exhibits many nonlinearities. One of the dominate nonlinearities is the quadratic dependence between the drive current and the transducer displacement. While the transducer can be operated at low drive levels with little distortion, at high drive levels the square law distortion is evident. In this paper we propose a nonlinear feedback loop for the drive amplifier such that the amplifier provides a compensation for this transducer nonlinearity. Thus the combination of the amplifier and the magnetostrictive transducer presents a linear input output relationship to the user. The effectiveness of this nonlinear control is demonstrated in simulation.
Smart structures typically consist of many interacting components, which result in a closed loop formed by an actuator, structure, sensors, controller, and drive circuit components. Despite the recognition of component interactions, much of the traditional design approach for such systems is highly compartmentalized and sequential. The primary objective of the present work is to develop a basic understanding of the energy flow and dynamic interaction between the electrical and mechanical subsystems of smart actuators. When operating from portable power sources, a crucial factor in determining the performance of such a smart system is the battery capacity required for the actuator to operate through a given time span along with its life time. The real and reactive power in such a system will determine the battery life and size separately. While the real power is dissipated only in the drive circuit, the reactive power of the circuit and the actuator cannot be calculated individually, where the interaction arises. Multi-objective function optimization problem, which combines the real and reactive power by different weights, will result in a better balanced solution than optimizing either one of them separately. Genetic algorithm is applied for discrete component selection to generate more realistic designs. The optimization result is illustrated in the paper, as well as their relationship with multi-objective functions.
A high-efficiency driving amplifier with small profile for smart actuators is essential for portable actuator devices. In this paper, a detailed optimized design of half-bridge switching circuit to drive smart actuators is described. The mathematical optimization procedure is applied to the traditional circuit design to make the circuit smaller and more efficient. The objecitve function presented in this paper is to minimize the total weight of the circuit, including heat sink, inductor and bus capacitor. The calculation of the power dissipation of MOSFET is adopted as a critical step to get the suitable heat sink. The optimization results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
The Inertially Stabilized Rifle is a new stabilized rifle system that can eliminate the disturbances induced by the shooter. Recurve actuator is used in this system to provide the precise movement of the rifle barrel. In such a portable device, only low voltage electrical sources are available yet the piezoelectric actuator needs high voltage to drive the actuator. The actuators consume little real power but a large amount of reactive power. Furthermore, the piezoelectric actuators are present an almost purely capacitive load. In this paper, we describe the development of a low input voltage amplifier for a high voltage piezoelectric actuator. This amplifier is based on switching technology so it efficiently handles the regenerative energy from the piezoelectric actuator. This amplifier consists of two stages. The first stage is a flyback converter which boosts the (low) input voltage to the maximum voltage required by the piezoelectric actuator. The second stage is a half-bridge amplifier which delivers the output voltage to the actuator as commanded by the reference signal. The basic structure of the amplifier is described, and its performance is characterized in terms of bandwidth, distortion, and efficiency.
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