Oxide semiconductors became one of the potential elements for large area electronics such as a channel for thin
film transistors. Optical and electrical properties were modified by alloying or doping of several oxide materials; In2O3,
ZnO, Ga2O3, and SnO2. The excellent properties achieved at the ternary or quaternary alloys could be explained by the
role of each materials as a carrier controller, a conduction path, and etc. The metal oxide semiconductors were generally
deposited by vacuum process but recently, alternative ways, like a sol-gel or an ink-jet printing, are suggested. In this
review, diverse approaches on oxide semiconductors are shown, and an in-depth discussion of the optical and electrical
properties alternation in metal oxide alloy fabricated by various methods is given.
A photosensitive terpolymeric composition suitable for practical waveguide devices is provided. The terpolymer was
produced from pentafluorostyrene (PFS), perfluoro-n-octyl acrylate (PFOA), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). We
present a fabrication process where the device structure utilizes the same class of material for the core and cladding
layers and it was fabricated without a plasma etching process. We also present simulation results that show good
agreement with measured data and which thus permit to optimize the device performance. Based on the developed
material and process; a 16-channel arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer with excellent performance has been
realized. The channel spacing of the multiplexer is 0.8 nm and operating around the 1550 nm wavelength. Together the
developed material and process combine to produce AWG with an average insertion loss of 5 dB, the best channel shows
an insertion loss of 4.7 dB; the uniformity of 1 dB, a crosstalk of less than -28 dB and a polarization dependence loss
(PDL) of ~ 0.2 dB. During temperature cycling, a slight thickness hysteresis and refractive index hysteresis were
observed above the glass transition temperature and is ascribed to the fact that the terpolymer material may not
completely recover its elasticity in the heating/cooling cycle.
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