SignificanceCerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) are key metrics for regional cerebrovascular monitoring. Simultaneous, non-invasive measurement of CBF and CBV at different brain locations would advance cerebrovascular monitoring and pave the way for brain injury detection as current brain injury diagnostic methods are often constrained by high costs, limited sensitivity, and reliance on subjective symptom reporting.AimWe aim to develop a multi-channel non-invasive optical system for measuring CBF and CBV at different regions of the brain simultaneously with a cost-effective, reliable, and scalable system capable of detecting potential differences in CBF and CBV across different regions of the brain.ApproachThe system is based on speckle contrast optical spectroscopy and consists of laser diodes and board cameras, which have been both tested and investigated for safe use on the human head. Apart from the universal serial bus connection for the camera, the entire system, including its battery power source, is integrated into a wearable headband and is powered by 9-V batteries.ResultsThe temporal dynamics of both CBF and CBV in a cohort of five healthy subjects were synchronized and exhibited similar cardiac period waveforms across all six channels. The potential use of our six-channel system for detecting the physiological sequelae of brain injury was explored in two subjects, one with moderate and one with significant structural brain damage, where the six-point CBF and CBV measurements were referenced to structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.ConclusionsWe pave the way for a viable multi-point optical instrument for measuring CBF and CBV. Its cost-effectiveness allows for baseline metrics to be established prior to injury in populations at risk for brain injury.
SignificanceIn the realm of cerebrovascular monitoring, primary metrics typically include blood pressure, which influences cerebral blood flow (CBF) and is contingent upon vessel radius. Measuring CBF noninvasively poses a persistent challenge, primarily attributed to the difficulty of accessing and obtaining signal from the brain.AimOur study aims to introduce a compact speckle contrast optical spectroscopy device for noninvasive CBF measurements at long source-to-detector distances, offering cost-effectiveness, and scalability while tracking blood flow (BF) with remarkable sensitivity and temporal resolution.ApproachThe wearable sensor module consists solely of a laser diode and a board camera. It can be easily placed on a subject’s head to measure BF at a sampling rate of 80 Hz.ResultsCompared to the single-fiber-based version, the proposed device achieved a signal gain of about 70 times, showed superior stability, reproducibility, and signal-to-noise ratio for measuring BF at long source-to-detector distances. The device can be distributed in multiple configurations around the head.ConclusionsGiven its cost-effectiveness, scalability, and simplicity, this laser-centric tool offers significant potential in advancing noninvasive cerebral monitoring technologies.
Magentic Reasonance Imaging for mouse phenotype study is one of the important tools to understand human
diseases. In this paper, we present a fully automatic pipeline for the process of morphometric mouse brain
analysis. The method is based on atlas-based tissue and regional segmentation, which was originally developed
for the human brain. To evaluate our method, we conduct a qualitative and quantitative validation study as
well as compare of b-spline and fluid registration methods as components in the pipeline. The validation study
includes visual inspection, shape and volumetric measurements and stability of the registration methods against
various parameter settings in the processing pipeline. The result shows both fluid and b-spline registration
methods work well in murine settings, but the fluid registration is more stable. Additionally, we evaluated our
segmentation methods by comparing volume differences between Fmr1 FXS in FVB background vs C57BL/6J
mouse strains.
We present 3-dimensional volume-rendered in vivo images of developing embryos of the
African clawed frog Xenopus laevis taken with our new en-face-scanning, focus-tracking
OCM system at 1300 nm wavelength. Compared to our older instrument which operates
at 850 nm, we measure a decrease in the attenuation coefficient by 33%, leading to a
substantial improvement in depth penetration. Both instruments have motion-sensitivity
capability. By evaluating the fast Fourier transform of the fringe signal, we can produce
simultaneously images displaying the fringe amplitude of the backscattered light and
images showing the random Brownian motion of the scatterers. We present time-lapse
movies of frog gastrulation, an early event during vertebrate embryonic development in
which cell movements result in the formation of three distinct layers that later give rise to
the major organ systems. We show that the motion-sensitive images reveal features of the
different tissue types that are not discernible in the fringe amplitude images. In particular,
we observe strong diffusive motion in the vegetal (bottom) part of the frog embryo which
we attribute to the Brownian motion of the yolk platelets in the endoderm.
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