The first generation of ELT instruments includes an optical-infrared high resolution spectrograph, indicated as ELT-HIRES and recently christened ANDES (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph). ANDES consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs ([U]BV, RIZ, YJH) providing a spectral resolution of ∼100,000 with a minimum simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 μm with the goal of extending it to 0.35-2.4 μm with the addition of an U arm to the BV spectrograph and a separate K band spectrograph. It operates both in seeing- and diffraction-limited conditions and the fibre-feeding allows several, interchangeable observing modes including a single conjugated adaptive optics module and a small diffraction-limited integral field unit in the NIR. Modularity and fibre-feeding allows ANDES to be placed partly on the ELT Nasmyth platform and partly in the Coudé room. ANDES has a wide range of groundbreaking science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Among the top science cases there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars, tests on the stability of Nature’s fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The ANDES project is carried forward by a large international consortium, composed of 35 Institutes from 13 countries, forming a team of almost 300 scientists and engineers which include the majority of the scientific and technical expertise in the field that can be found in ESO member states.
The RIZ & UBV visible spectrographs of the ANDES instrument, which are foreseen to be installed at the Extremely Large Telescope, require to be under a very stable high vacuum and at an extremely stable temperature of 1mK to reach the radial velocity goal of 10cm/s RMS over a 10-year period. The baseline design, integration and first analyses of the 5.5t aluminum vacuum tank, vacuum system, and the thermal enclosure of the two-room temperature spectrographs are presented in this paper. A very analogous configuration is proposed for both instruments in view of their similarities. In addition, this article addresses the finite rigidity of the Nasmyth platform and its consequences on the instrument design together with a potential collaborative multi-CAD Product Design Management platform description.
We present here the preliminary design of the RIZ module, one of the visible spectrographs of the ANDES instrument. It is a fiber-fed high-resolution, high-stability spectrograph. Its design follows the guidelines of successful predecessors such as HARPS and ESPRESSO. In this paper we present the status of the spectrograph at the preliminary design stage. The spectrograph will be a warm, vacuum-operated, thermally controlled and fiber-fed echelle spectrograph. Following the phase A design, the huge etendue of the telescope will be reformed in the instrument with a long slit made of smaller fibers. We discuss the system design of the spectrographs system.
We present the design of the ANDES UBV module, the bluest spectrograph of the ANDES instrument. It is a fiber-fed high resolution, high stability spectrograph, which will be installed on the ELT-Nasmyth platform to minimize blue fibre losses from the focal plane to the spectrograph. In this paper we present the status of development of the spectrograph, its optical design, and auxiliary devices like exposure meter and leveling system, at the preliminary design stage. As stability is the prime design driver, a thermal enclosure is provided to keep temperature of the optical train stable at ambient conditions, and the pressure is kept constant at high vacuum level. The science, sky background and simultaneous calibration light is fed to the spectrographs via fiber bundles of 66 fibres, which are arranged in a straight row forming the spectrograph slit.
The first generation of ELT instruments includes an optical-infrared high resolution spectrograph, indicated as ELT-HIRES and recently christened ANDES (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph). ANDES consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs (UBV, RIZ, YJH) providing a spectral resolution of ∼100,000 with a minimum simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 µm with the goal of extending it to 0.35-2.4 µm with the addition of a K band spectrograph. It operates both in seeing- and diffraction-limited conditions and the fibre-feeding allows several, interchangeable observing modes including a single conjugated adaptive optics module and a small diffraction-limited integral field unit in the NIR. Its modularity will ensure that ANDES can be placed entirely on the ELT Nasmyth platform, if enough mass and volume is available, or partly in the Coudé room. ANDES has a wide range of groundbreaking science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics. Among the top science cases there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars, tests on the stability of Nature’s fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration. The ANDES project is carried forward by a large international consortium, composed of 35 Institutes from 13 countries, forming a team of more than 200 scientists and engineers which represent the majority of the scientific and technical expertise in the field among ESO member states.
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