The aim of this paper is to present the concept of temperature measurement system, adapted to wearable electronics
applications. Temperature is one of the most commonly monitored factor in smart textiles, especially in sportswear,
medical and rescue products. Depending on the application, measured temperature could be used as an initial value of
alert, heating, lifesaving or analysis system. The concept of the temperature measurement multi-point system, which
consists of flexible screen-printed resistive sensors, placed on the T-shirt connected with the central unit and the power
supply is elaborated in the paper.
There are many solutions used for current measurements in power lines. The study shows a transducer consisting of a
ferromagnetic core, a beam placed in an air-gap and a sensor for optical readout. The beam is made of silicon with a thin
50%Ni50%Fe film. The material of the core is permalloy. A distribution of magnetic field depends on current supplying
the power line. The beam is deflected due to magnetic field in the air-gap. A deflection of the beam is measured by the
optical fibre sensor. Its advantage is simple design, high precision of processing, non-electric transmission, low costs and
ability of a non-contact measurement.
Comsol Multiphysics 4.4 and Magnetic Fields Module (mef) were used for modeling. An influence of magnetic circuit's
materials and dimensions of the ferromagnetic core and the air-gap were tested in order to determine the most sufficient
distribution of magnetic field in the air-gap. The study shows results of the modeling of the transducer compared to
practical results for a similar construction scaled down to lower current values.
The study shows an analysis of numerical models of MEMS transducers used for magnetic field measurements.
Movable silicon microbeam structures attached from one side were considered. A ferromagnetic NiFe layer was
deposited on the microbeams’ surfaces by magnetron sputtering. In a magnetic field, there is a torque acting on a beam
with NiFe layer. There is a change in a deflection angle of a free end of the beam according to the magnetic field
strength. The impact of the beam parameters and its attachment on the deflection was analyzed for the tested numerical
models of the transducers. An optoelectronic test system can be used to measure the beam’s end deflection. Experimental
characteristics obtained from a test system for rotation angle transducers were shown. Range of measurements
corresponds to the tested models.
The system which allows to determine the amount of rapeseed oil methyl esters (RME) in diesel is presented and described. The parameters and characteristics of different light sources and photodetectors were tested in order to choose the proper basic elements of the optical device. The spectral characteristics of the elements were analysed in view of the absorption spectrum properties as well. The results of RME content measurements were presented and the usefulness of the designed measuring system was discussed.
The results of spectroscopic and chromatographic investigations of fuel containing the different content of bio-compounds were presented and analysed. The transmittance values at 1744 cm-1 wave number were used as a measure of total rapeseed oil methyl esters' (RME) concentrations. The microprocessor device for RME content determination was described. The presented dependence of transmittance around 1744 cm-1 on RME concentration can be applied to the determination of RME content in fuel.
The interdigital piezoelectric transducers are used in the microsize membrane silicon sensors to the generation and detection of the ultrasonic wave. The wave generation and propagation depend on some external factors, and as a result the wave amplitude as well as the phase velocity of the propagation change. The system of the membrane sensor with ultrasonic wave Lambda type can be examined as a delay line. The application of the membrane sensors as a delay line which works in the generator close loop was presented. The equivalent circuit of the generator with the sensor was analyzed by means of the SPICE program.
The construction of the microsensor with the ultrasonic wave Lambda-type as well as the conditions of the wave propagation were presented. The possibilities of the fabrication of multi-layer membranes on the silicon base using the microelectronics technologies were presented and discussed. The analysis of the usefulness of the processes mentioned to the production of the thin membrane sensors was carried out taking the intrinsic stresses into consideration. The summary of the experimental results was done and the most useful parameters of the membrane ultrasonic sensors were pointed out.
The devices to the measurement of air relative humidity with the surface acoustic wave transducers were presented. The relative humidity of air were measured by the determination of the dew point. The results of the investigations that were carried out were described and discussed.
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