Uvsq-SatNG is a Six-Unit GHG CubeSat dedicated to the simultaneous measurements of the Earth Radiation Budget and greenhouse gases. This space mission aims to evaluate the potential of using a compact spectrometer mounted on a CubeSat for determining atmospheric GHG concentrations (CO2, CH4). This spectrometer operates in the Near-Infrared (NIR) range, typically between 1200 to 2000 nm, which is an ideal wavelength range for detecting and measuring the spectral signatures of the most significant greenhouse gases. The inclusion of such a spectrometer on Uvsq-SatNG represents an important step forward in climate research. It not only provides essential data for environmental science but also demonstrates the growing capability of satellite technology to support crucial observations of our planet’s changing climate. The aim of this article is to present an optical configuration for this instrument. The performance achieved with this design will be presented. We will see if the proposed instrument design is capable of measuring greenhouse gas concentrations with good accuracy (absolute measurements of ±4.0 ppm with an annual stability of ±1.0 ppm for CO2, absolute measurements of ±25.0 ppb with an annual stability of ±10.0 ppb for CH4).
Wind speed measurement with on-board system has many applications in aeronautics (Gust Load alleviation, Haps, etc.) and space (Weather forecast). The molecular wind lidar is developed for those purposes as it sent laser pulses into the atmosphere to determine, with a spectral analyzer, the wind speed from the Doppler shift induced by the molecules of the atmosphere. In this paper we present the lidar architecture developed at ONERA, that uses a Quadri Mach-Zehnder (QMZ) as a spectral analyzer and a UV fiber laser, designed for gust load alleviation application. We discuss about the advantages of such architecture for wind measurement from space. Simulations of the performances have been performed in the case of Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) of Aeolus, showing standard deviation on wind speed measurement less than 2 m/s up to 17 km of altitude for the optimized hybrid fiber laser of 10 W laser average power and a Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) of 5 kHz. Simulations that evaluate the performances for Aeolus measurement with minor changes in the lidar architecture have been computed, with results showing that requirements are fulfilled up to 22.5 km of altitude with the optimized hybrid fiber laser of 10 W and 3 kHz PRF.
The Bepi Colombo mission is a project of European Space Agency (ESA) devoted to Mercury exploration. Probing of Hermean exosphere by ultraviolet spectroscopy (PHEBUS) is a dual Extreme Ultraviolet and Far Ultraviolet (EUV – FUV) spectrometer, that will fly on Bepi Colombo. It will be devoted to spectral analysis of Mercury. A preliminary optical prototype has been assembled by CNRS – LATMOS and the test of optical subsystems (i.e. entrance mirror and gratings) have been performed in the EUV and FUV spectral range at CNR-IFN LUXOR. Experimental results are presented together with proper simulations.
BepiColombo, a cornerstone mission of European Space Agency (ESA) in cooperation with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), will explore Mercury the planet closest to the Sun. This first European mission toward Mercury will be launched in October 2018 from the Guiana Space Centre, on a journey lasting up to six and a half years. The data that will be brought back from the two orbiters will tell us about Mercury’s surface, the atmospheric composition, and the magnetospheric dynamics; it will also contribute to understanding the history and formation of terrestrial planets. Probing of Hermean Exosphere by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (PHEBUS) is a double spectrometer that will be flown on the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) one of the two BepiColombo orbiters. This French-led instrument was developed with the purpose of detecting emission lines from Mercury’s exosphere to reveal its composition and distribution, in the wide UV range 55 nm - 315 nm and by recording full spectra. In this paper, we present the instrument design by focusing on the optical subsystems and giving a technical feedback of the major challenges we had to face. We also introduce the calibration philosophy and the main performance results of the instrument.
Nicolas Rouanet, Jean Francois Mariscal, Jean-Luc Maria, Pierre-Olivier Mine, Ichiro Yoshikawa, Kazuo Yoshioka, Go Murakami, Victor Gnedykh, Piergiorgio Nicolosi, Sébastien Gallet, Jean-Baptiste Rigal, Eric Quemerais, François Leblanc, Eric Chassefiere, Jean-Pierre Goutail
PHEBUS (Probing of Hermean Exosphere by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy) is a double ultraviolet spectrometer for the MPO (Mercury Planetary Orbiter) of the ESA BepiColombo cornerstone mission, which is dedicated to the study of Mercury. The goal of this instrument is to detect emission lines of Mercury exosphere in the bandwidth between 55 to 315 nm by recording full spectra. The instrument is basically composed of two ultraviolet spectrophotometers and one scanning mirror with a single axis of rotation. This movable mirror will collect the light coming from the exosphere above the limb onto the entrance slit of the spectrometers. The mirror is protected from straylight by an entrance baffle characterized by a good rejection capability. Each detector has a specific range of wavelengths: the EUV (Extreme UV) channel spreads from 55 to 155 nm, and the FUV (Far UV) channel from 145 to 315 nm. A couple of photomultipliers receive two additional wavelengths in the Near UV range (NUV) at 404 and 422 nm.
PHEBUS (Probing of Hermean Exosphere by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy) is a double spectrometer for the Extreme Ultraviolet range (55-155 nm) and the Far Ultraviolet range (145-315 nm) dedicated to the characterization of Mercury’s exosphere composition and dynamics, and surface-exosphere connections. PHEBUS is part of the ESA BepiColombo cornerstone mission payload devoted to the study of Mercury. The BepiColombo mission consists of two spacecrafts: the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO) and the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) on which PHEBUS will be mounted. PHEBUS is a French-led instrument implemented in a cooperative scheme involving Japan (detectors), Russia (scanner) and Italy (ground calibration). Before launch, PHEBUS team want to perform a full absolute calibration on ground, in addition to calibrations which will be made in-flight, in order to know the instrument’s response as precisely as possible. Instrument overview and calibration philosophy are introduced along with the first lights results observed by a first prototype.
Probing of Hermean Exosphere By Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (PHEBUS) is a dual channels spectrometer working in the Extreme UltraViolet (EUV) and Far UltraViolet (FUV) range. It will be on board of ESA BepiColombo cornerstone mission and it will be devoted to investigate the composition, the dynamic, the formation and the feeding mechanisms of Mercury’s exosphere system. A consistent interpretation of the observational data collected by PHEBUS requires a deeply knowledge of its radiometric behavior. The Mueller’s matrix formalism can be adopted to derive an accurate radiometric model able to takes into account also the polarization state of the source observed by PHEBUS. Moreover, this theoretical model can be further verified and refined during an experimental ground calibration campaign. In this work we present the radiometric model derived for PHEBUS spectrometer together with some results obtained during the Flight Model (FM) ground calibration which is still ongoing. In particular, the obtained results employing this approach show that this is a complete and versatile method to perform the radiometric calibration of a generic space instrument.
The calibration of space instrumentations requires devoted tools to characterize optical subsystems and whole instruments. Then, new facilities in the Extreme and Near UltraViolet spectral regions have been developed and already used for the preliminary ground calibration activities of PHEBUS, the spectrometer that will flight onboard of BepiColombo mission.
Probing of Hermean Exosphere By Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (PHEBUS) is a spectrometer that will fly on board of the
BepiColombo mission to investigate the composition and dynamic of Mercury’s exosphere. Calibration of QM and FM
instrument are on going. An approach based on the Mueller Matrix formalism is adopted to determine the pure efficiency
of the instrument (PHEBUS). The results obtained show that this approach is a complete and versatile method to perform
the radiometric calibration of a space instrument.
The Bepi Colombo mission will explore the Mercury planet and its environment. Probing of Hermean Exosphere
By Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (PHEBUS) is one of the instruments of the payload. It is a double spectrometer for
Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) and Far Ultraviolet (FUV) spectral regions devoted to the characterization of
Mercury's exosphere. In this work we will present the calibration philosophy that will be applied to the Flight
Model, and explain how a full instrument calibration can be derived from the wholly characterization of the
optical subsystems through the Mueller Matrix formalism. The experimental results concerning of PHEBUS
prototype optical subsystems are presented, which have been performed in the 55 - 315 nm range by using the
normal incidence reflectometer at LUXOR Laboratory (CNR - Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology,
Padova).
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