This presentation focuses on examples of devices and components to be used in actual biological and biomedical applications and manufactured in larger quantities. Specifically, we discuss additive manufacturing (full 3D and 2.5D grayscale modes) based on 2PP technology, which allows features of 100nm-150nm and surface roughness of 10-20 nm – sufficient for optical quality components. In addition, the printing volume allows parts of up to 50x50x22 mm3 and thus broader range of possible designs. Here we demonstrate two system examples: (1) high performance (NA=0.6, FOV=200microns, OD = 3.0 mm) hybrid endoscopic microscope objective for 2-photon imaging and diagnostics and (2) image mapping spectrometer for cell signaling in SPIM (Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy) configuration. In both cases we discuss performance of manufactured components and design strategy to optimize both printing time and component/system quality. Presented prototypes demonstrate high level of integration, compact dimensions and design flexibility. Results include high resolution imaging performance (miniature endo-microscopic objective) and snapshot spectral imaging capabilities in cell signaling.
Here we present additive manufacturing processes (full 3D and 2.5D grayscale modes) to fabricate micro and nano precision optical components for snapshot imaging spectrometers and sensing devices. Specifically we apply 2 Photon Polymerization (2PP) technique to manufacture multifaceted mirrors, arbitrary waveguide/fiber arrays and lenslet array components. All these can be effectively applied in field integral snapshot imaging spectrometers. The fabrication process allows features of 100nm-150nm and surface roughness of 10-20 nm – sufficient for optical quality components. The focus of this presentation is to analyze component designs in context of spatial and spectral sampling, overall part geometry, component performance (throughout, form etc.) and fabrication times. Overall, complete spectrometer dimensions are also discussed in terms of individual element features - unit size (facet, fiber etc.). Presented proof of concept prototypes demonstrate potential for high level integration, small dimensions and design flexibility. Test spectral samples are imaged in VIS spectral range using mapping and fiber array based methods.
Snapshot Image Mapping Spectrometer (IMS) allows to obtain 3D (x,y,lamda) datacubes instantaneously in a snapshot mode. The multifaceted mapping mirror is a critical component in the IMS for creating void spaces between image lines for spectral information. Here we present a completely new fabrication technique for mapping mirrors based on lithographic Two-Photon Polymerization (2PP). A grayscale 16-bit pixelized mapping mirror was designed in MATLAB, which allows to adopt 1-micron slicing distance and 0.2-micron hatching distance to keep low surface roughness while reducing printing time. The instability issue of the surface structure can be solved by adding two bases. Many other parameters (attenuation, develop time) used in 2PP printing were also optimized to provide the best surface quality. The new fabrication method decreases the facet shadowing (smaller height discrepancies), provides uniform image intensity, and enables easy reproducibility.
Image mapping spectrometer (IMS) allows to obtain 3D (x,y,λ) datacubes instantaneously in a snapshot mode. It has a wide range of applications, including cell signaling, cancer diagnostics, and retinal imaging. The key component, multifaceted mapping mirrors, were fabricated by diamond machining, which have issues causing the variant intensity of facets and limited spatial samplings. Here we present an entirely new fabrication technique using lithographic Two-Photon Polymerization (2PP). A pixelized mapping mirror with an aluminum coating was designed and fabricated to overcome the challenges brought by prior mapping mirrors. A prototype IMS was set up on the bench to show preliminary fluorescence hyperspectral images.
KEYWORDS: Short wave infrared radiation, Absorption, Real time imaging, Prisms, Infrared imaging, Spectroscopy, Cameras, Atmospheric monitoring, 3D modeling, Solar radiation
A novel snapshot imaging spectrometer has been developed for short wave infrared monitoring. A custom designed fiber bundle remaps an incoming image to create void spaces on the sensor for a prism to disperse each individual fiber cores. This results in 35,000 spatial samples and each spatial sample providing spectral sampling for over 20 channels in the wavelength range of 1100nm to 1300nm. This spectral region spans the vapor sensitive dip of 1130nm and the vapor insensitive peak of 1260nm in the reflect spectrum of land covers, allowing calculation of a vapor index and the potential for monitoring vapor fluctuations in the atmosphere. Laboratory testing confirms the sensitivity can reach about 42 micrometers of precipitable water, due to the absorption coefficient at 1130 nm. Field testing demonstrates the ability to monitor the temporal and spatial fluctuations of vapor from different land covers such as lawn, concrete surfaces. Real time mapping of the vapor variation - index may provide useful information for atmospheric, environmental, agriculture and solar energy research.
The molecular mechanisms that define cellular functions can be elucidated by live-cell hyperspectral fluorescence microscopy, which permits simultaneous measurements of multiple dynamic processes with excellent signal-to-noise ratios. We have developed a novel five-dimensional (x,y,z,t,λ) imaging system by combining dual-view Selective-Plane Illumination Microscopy (diSPIM) for isotropic diffraction-limited imaging and image mapping spectroscopy (IMS) for single snapshot hyperspectral imaging of multiple fluorophores. We will demonstrate the properties of this instrument and show its application to imaging islet of Langerhans, a micro-organ that contributes to blood glucose homeostasis through the regulated secretion of glucagon (from α-cells) and insulin (from β-cells).
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