A method to encode and decode the spatial position using polarization is proposed. Birefringent wedge and photoelastic
modulator (PEM) are used to encode and modulate the laser with a polarizer and an analyzer. The state of polarization
(SOP) of laser beam changes gradually along the gradient direction of birefringent wedge. The spatial polarization
encoding beam is transmitted by a beam expander to form a spatial encoding field. A part of laser carrying the
information of spatial position in the field is received by detector. With signal processing, the harmonic terms of detected
intensity are obtained to realize the single channel decoding. With the single channel spatial polarization encoding and
decoding method, the problem of incorporating automatic gain control (AGC) between separate channel signals can be
overcome and the precision of decoding is improved by its rotation-invariant feature, and the results of decoding vary
linearly with retardation in the range of ±180°. In experiments, the relationship between decoding spatial position and the
true value of position is linear. Usefulness of the method is verified.
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