KEYWORDS: Digital watermarking, Holography, Image restoration, Holograms, Image compression, Digital holography, Image quality, Binary data, 3D image reconstruction, Transform theory
We propose a new watermarking scheme that can be used to embed multiple bits and also resilient to JPEG compression and geometrical transforms such as scaling, rotation, and cropping, based on holographic watermark that allows multiple watermark recovery without original content (cover image). The holographic watermark is that Fourier transformed digital hologram, embedded into cover image in the spatial domain. The proposed method has not only increased robustness with a stronger embedding but also imperceptibility of the watermark in the evaluation process. To compare with the conventional scheme, the spread spectrum, we embedded and recovered maximum 1,024 bits that consist of binary number over PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio) 39dB. And also, we computed robustness with BER (bit-error rate) corresponding the above attacks.
KEYWORDS: Holograms, Digital watermarking, 3D image reconstruction, Digital holography, Information security, Image processing, Data hiding, Security technologies, Computer security, Fourier transforms
In this paper, we propose off-axis hologram watermarking technology, which could raise the robustness against the personal information's copy, falsification and alteration by making it possible to insert variable type's information and making strong privacy function. This technology should use security keys, hologram's depth information and the information in proportion to the depth information, at same time to extract inserted information and could insert huge information and insert owner or provider's own information with three-dimensional hologram watermark type to digital contents. So, this could have the high security. The proposed technology is strong at several images' processing and information's damage by the usages of hologram’s redundancy and this makes it hard to recognize inserted information visually. Especially, inserting much amount's information with various type is possible with its high privacy function by inserting information to several frequency's transform plane by using Fresnel transform differently with existing watermarking. So, we will show the substantial application's possibility and robustness of Fresnel hologram watermarking technology using like that characteristics through computer's imitation simulation.
KEYWORDS: Data hiding, Signal to noise ratio, Image processing, Modulation, Optical correlators, Complex systems, Data processing, Optical engineering, Computer simulations, Computing systems
In this paper, a new ID card system based-on the digital information hiding and optical extraction technique is suggested and implemented. In the information-hiding process, stego keys are digitally generated by using 2-D PRS and used to hide some specific data related to the card holders into their digital photo-image (cover image) in order to verify the ID cards. To extract the hidden data from the photo-image (stego image) in real-time, a matched filter-based optical correlator system is introduced. Optical correlation between the input stego image and the stego keys in the matched filter bank makes the sharp correlation peaks in the correlation plane only if the stego key hidden in the stego image is identically same with the stego key stored in the matched filter bank. This correlation peak signals and its position data can be used for verification of the ID card. In the experiment, a cover image of “Lena” is divided into 10 x 7 blocks and then, the stego key consisting of 64 x 64 pixels selected from 50 valid stego keys is embedded into the 3 different blocks of the cover image. Through the optical correlation between the “Lena” stego image and its valid stego key, resultant three correlation outputs and their position data are finally used for authentication. From these experimental results, a possibility of implementing a new ID card verification system using opto-digital information hiding and extraction scheme is suggested.
In this paper, a new optodigital multiple information hiding and real-time extraction system is suggested. In the process of multiple information hiding, stego keys are generated by combined use of PRS (pseudo-random sequence) and HM (Hadamard matrix) and then, they are used to hide multiple data in an arbitrary cover image without crosstalks. To extract multiple information hidden in the stego image in real-time, a new optical NJTC(nonlinear joint transform correlator)-based extraction system is introduced. In this optical extraction system, both the stego image and each of stego keys are placed at the input plane of the correlator and jointly Fourier transformed. And, the power spectrum of the jointly Fourier transformed signal is detected at the spatial frequency domain and inversely Fourier transformed again. Then, the final correlation peaks between them can be found in the correlation plane as an authentic signal. From good experimental results on multiple information hiding and optical extraction using Arabic numerials of "1", "2" and "3", a possibility of implementation of a new optodigital multiple information hiding and real-time extraction system is suggested.
In this paper, a new robust information hiding and optical extraction system by using a complex phase code and an optical correlator is proposed. Multiple information is digitally embedded into an arbitrary cover image by using complex phase codes in spatial domain and then, these data are extracted in real-time by means of coherent optical correlator. A new complex phase code used in this paper is known to have the random and orthogonal property, so it can be used as a spreading code to hide multiple information into a cover image without crosstalks and as a result, it can have lower decoding error and higher robustness to noise because there is no cross correlation between the codes. Also, by making use of the optical correlator-based extraction method, the real-time extraction of the hidden data can be possible. From some experimental results, a possibility of implementing a new robust information hiding and decoding system by using the complex phase codes and the optical correlator is suggested.
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