Prof. Jürgen Van Erps Profile

Prof. Jürgen Van Erps

Professor at Vrije Universiteit Brussel

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (67)

Proceedings Article | 15 March 2023 Presentation + Paper

Laser direct writing of interfacing structures for short-distance optical interconnections

J. Van Erps, K. Vanmol, T. Baghdasaryan, A. Kyriazis, H. Thienpont, N. Vermeulen

Proceedings Volume 12433, 1243303 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2647562

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Micro optical fluidics, Design and modelling, Single mode fibers, Printing, Diffractive optical elements, Fabrication, Optical fibers, Optical interconnects, Two photon polymerization

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2022 Presentation + Paper

Prototyping, replication, and metrology of freeform optical micro-components

Jürgen Van Erps, Michael Vervaeke, Heidi Ottevaere, Hugo Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 12221, 1222103 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2633967

KEYWORDS: Freeform optics, Optical components, Metrology, Prototyping, Photonics, Polymers, Optical fibers, Diffractive optical elements

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2022 Presentation + Paper

Design, tolerancing, and fabrication of a freeform lightguide based on the flow-line method

S. Sorgato, L. Smeesters, J. Van Erps, M. Vervaeke, K. Rochlitz, D. Rosseel, J. Verbaenen, H. Thienpont, T. Geernaert

Proceedings Volume 12220, 122200C (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2634433

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Nonimaging optics, Optical fabrication, Tolerancing, Surface roughness, Prototyping, Optics manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Laser direct writing of short-range interconnect interfacing structures

K. Vanmol, T. Baghdasaryan, T. Geernaert, N. Vermeulen, H. Thienpont, J. Van Erps

Proceedings Volume 12007, 120070B (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2606030

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Optical fibers, Single mode fibers, Photonic integrated circuits, Two photon polymerization, Fiber couplers, Scanning electron microscopy, Planar waveguides, Optical interconnects

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Proceedings Article | 19 November 2021 Presentation + Paper

Design and replication of a six-channel foveated imaging system

Gebirie Yizengaw Belay, Rolf Bollhorst, Michael Vervaeke, Hugo Thienpont, Jürgen Van Erps

Proceedings Volume 12078, 120780N (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603632

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Image sensors, Multichannel imaging systems, Spatial resolution, Polymethylmethacrylate, Optical alignment, Imaging arrays, Image processing, System integration, Polymers

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Proceedings Article | 5 March 2021 Presentation + Paper

3D nanoprinting of mode-field conversion tapers for low-loss optical interfacing of single-mode fibers and photonic integrated circuits

N. Vermeulen, J. Van Erps, K. Vanmol, T. Baghdasaryan, H. Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 11692, 116920M (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2579192

KEYWORDS: Single mode fibers, Photonic integrated circuits, Waveguides, Singular optics, Integrated optics, Planar waveguides, Optical interconnects, Tolerancing, Structured optical fibers, Polymers

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Proceedings Article | 10 October 2020 Presentation + Paper

Design and prototyping of a multi-segment grating for broadband and miniaturized spectrometer

Gebirie Yizengaw Belay, Arthur van der Put, Jürgen van Erps, Michael Vervaeke, Hugo Thienpont, Heidi Ottevaere, Willem Hoving

Proceedings Volume 11548, 115480S (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2575166

KEYWORDS: Spectroscopy, Optical design, Short wave infrared radiation, Prototyping, Diffraction gratings, Spectrometer engineering, Diffraction, Image segmentation, Ultraviolet radiation, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 13 April 2020 Paper

Design and prototyping of beam shapers to generate circular or square top-hat beams of different size for additive manufacturing applications

Gebirie Belay, Michael Vervaeke, Sijie Liao, Piet Van den Ecker, Tom Craeghs, Hugo Thienpont, Jürgen Van Erps

Proceedings Volume 11349, 113490M (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2555010

KEYWORDS: Beam shaping, Beam expanders, Lenses, Optical design, Additive manufacturing, Gas lasers, Optical components, Prototyping

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Proceedings Article | 30 March 2020 Presentation + Paper

Mode-field matching design, 3D fabrication and characterization of down-tapers on single-mode optical fiber tips for coupling to photonic integrated circuits

Koen Vanmol, Vivek Panapakkam, Kumar Saurav, Hugo Thienpont, Jan Watté, Jürgen Van Erps, Dries Van Thourhout, Nathalie Vermeulen

Proceedings Volume 11349, 1134907 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2555770

KEYWORDS: Single mode fibers, Photonic integrated circuits, Waveguides, Two photon polymerization, Optical fibers, Silicon, Fiber couplers, Structured optical fibers, Integrated circuit design, Interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 17 September 2018 Paper

Relaxing alignment tolerance in single-mode fiber connections using 3D nanoprinted beam expanders

Koen Vanmol, Vivek Panapakkam, Salvatore Tuccio, Jan Watté, Jürgen Van Erps, Hugo Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 10746, 107460F (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2320983

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Tolerancing, Single mode fibers, Optical alignment, Connectors, Photoresist materials, Beam expanders, Polymers

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SPIE Journal Paper | 17 October 2016

Deep proton writing with 12 MeV protons for rapid prototyping of microstructures in polymethylmethacrylate

Evert Ebraert, Berkcan Gökçe, Sandra Van Vlierberghe, Michael Vervaeke, Pascal Meyer, Markus Guttmann, Peter Dubruel, Hugo Thienpont, Jürgen Van Erps

JM3, Vol. 15, Issue 04, 044501, (October 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMM.15.4.044501

KEYWORDS: Polymethylmethacrylate, Rapid manufacturing, Surface roughness, Prototyping, Photomasks, Nickel, Optical alignment, Single mode fibers, Connectors, Etching

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Proceedings Article | 27 September 2016 Presentation + Paper

Novel microfluidic devices for Raman spectroscopy and optical trapping

Heidi Ottevaere, Qing Liu, Diane de Coster, Jürgen Van Erps, Michael Vervaeke, Hugo Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 9947, 994709 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2239996

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Microfluidics, Optical tweezers, Raman scattering, Reflectors, Particles, Polymethylmethacrylate, Signal detection, Gaussian beams, Urea

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SPIE Journal Paper | 22 July 2016

Hot-embossing replication of self-centering optical fiber alignment structures prototyped by deep proton writing

Evert Ebraert, Markus Wissmann, Markus Guttmann, Alexander Kolew, Matthias Worgull, Nicole Barié, Marc Schneider, Andreas Hofmann, Stefano Beri, Jan Watté, Hugo Thienpont, Jürgen Van Erps

OE, Vol. 55, Issue 07, 076112, (July 2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.55.7.076112

KEYWORDS: Polymethylmethacrylate, Prototyping, Connectors, Optical alignment, Optical fibers, Silicon, Single mode fibers, Surface roughness, Structured optical fibers, Micro cutting

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Proceedings Article | 1 July 2016 Paper

Proof-of-concept demonstration of free-form optics enhanced confocal Raman spectroscopy in combination with optofluidic lab-on-chip

Qing Liu, Diane De Coster, Damien Loterie, Jürgen Van Erps, Michael Vervaeke, Jeroen Missinne, Hugo Thienpont, Heidi Ottevaere

Proceedings Volume 9888, 98880E (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2227386

KEYWORDS: Raman spectroscopy, Confocal microscopy, Microfluidics, Spectroscopy, Polymers, Lab on a chip, Raman scattering, Polymethylmethacrylate, Urea, Bioalcohols, Optical fibers

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2016 Paper

Patterning of graphene on silicon-on-insulator waveguides through laser ablation and plasma etching

Jürgen Van Erps, Tymoteusz Ciuk, Iwona Pasternak, Aleksandra Krajewska, Wlodek Strupinski, Steven Van Put, Geert Van Steenberge, Kitty Baert, Herman Terryn, Hugo Thienpont, Nathalie Vermeulen

Proceedings Volume 9891, 98910T (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2225224

KEYWORDS: Graphene, Waveguides, Laser ablation, Plasma etching, Silicon, Photonic integrated circuits, Surface roughness, Raman spectroscopy, Photonics, Plasma

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2016 Paper

Replication of self-centering optical fiber alignment structures using hot embossing

Evert Ebraert, Jürgen Van Erps, Markus Wissmann, Markus Guttmann, Alexander Kolew, Matthias Worgull, Stefano Beri, Jan Watté, Hugo Thienpont, Nicole Barié, Marc Schneider

Proceedings Volume 9888, 98880M (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2227685

KEYWORDS: Connectors, Electroplating, Single mode fibers, Connectors, Nickel, Surface roughness, Adhesives, Copper

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With the demand for broadband connectivity on the rise due to various services like video-on-demand and cloud computing becoming more popular, the need for better connectivity infrastructure is high. The only future- proof option to supply this infrastructure is to deploy "fiber to the home" (FTTH) networks. One of the main difficulties with the deployment of FTTH is the vast amount of single-mode fiber (SMF) connections that need to be made. Hence there is a strong need for components which enable high performance, robust and easy-to- use SMF connectors. Since large-scale deployment is the goal, these components should be mass-producible at low cost. We discuss a rapid prototyping process on the basis of hot embossing replication of a self-centering alignment system (SCAS) based on three micro-springs, which can position a SMF independently of its diameter. This is beneficial since there is a fabrication tolerance of up to ±1 μm on a standard G.652 SMF's diameter that can lead to losses if the outer diameter is used as a reference for alignment. The SCAS is first prototyped with deep proton writing (DPW) in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) after which it is glued to a copper substrate with an adhesive. Using an electroforming process, a nickel block is grown over the PMMA prototype followed by mechanical finishing to fabricate a structured nickel mould insert. Even though the mould insert shows non- ideal and rounded features it is used to create PMMA replicas of the SCAS by means of hot embossing. The SCAS possesses a central opening in which a bare SMF can be clamped, which is designed with a diameter of 121 μm. PMMA replicas are dimensionally characterized using a multisensor coordinate measurement machine and show a central opening diameter of 128.3 ± 2.8 μm. This should be compared to the central opening diameter of the DPW prototype used for mould formation which was measured to be 120.5 μm. This shows that the electroforming and subsequent replication process is possible for complex micro-scale components and could be accurate after optimisation. We characterized the sidewall roughness of PMMA replicas using a non- contact optical profiler, resulting in a root-mean-square roughness of 48 nm over an area of 63.7 μm×47.8 μm. This low sidewall roughness is especially important in the replication of high aspect ratio structures to facilitate demoulding since the sidewalls cause the most friction with the mould insert.

Proceedings Article | 27 April 2016 Paper

Dual fiber optical trapping in a polymer-based microfluidic chip

Heidi Ottevaere, Diane de Coster, Michael Vervaeke, Jürgen Van Erps, Manly Callewaert, Wim De Malsche, Pieter Wuytens, Hugo Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 9888, 98880B (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2227917

KEYWORDS: Polymers, Microfluidics, Polymethylmethacrylate, Fiber optics, Diamond, Geometrical optics, Gaussian beams, Spherical lenses, Beam propagation method

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2016 Paper

Plasma treatment of fiber facets for increased (de)mating endurance in physical contact fiber connectors

Jürgen Van Erps, Kevin Voss, Martijn De Witte, Radu Radulescu, Stefano Beri, Jan Watté, Hugo Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 9888, 98880K (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2225230

KEYWORDS: Plasma, Fiber to the x, Plasma treatment, Optical fibers, Internet, Electrodes, Spherical lenses, Photonics, Fusion splicing

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Proceedings Article | 24 September 2015 Paper

Flow-cytometric identification of vinegars using a multi-parameter analysis optical detection module

H. Ottevaere, J. Van Erps, H. Thienpont, T. Verschooten, M. Vervaeke, M. Callewaert, W. De Malsche

Proceedings Volume 9628, 962822 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2197474

KEYWORDS: Laser scattering, Principal component analysis, Absorption, Scattering, Signal detection, Semiconductor lasers, Sensors, Optical spectroscopy, Germanium, Data analysis

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Proceedings Article | 3 September 2015 Paper

Modeling and design of a multichannel chromatic aberration compensated imaging system

Gebirie Belay, Heidi Ottevaere, Michael Vervaeke, Jürgen Van Erps, Hugo Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 9578, 95780I (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2190603

KEYWORDS: Channel projecting optics, Lenses, Chromatic aberrations, Imaging systems, Modulation transfer functions, Image sensors, Spatial resolution, Lens design, Hybrid optics, Diffraction

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Proceedings Article | 17 October 2014 Paper

Replicating micro-optical structures using soft embossing technique

Jin-Yi Tan, Esma Islamaj, Xiaobing Shang, Jelle De Smet, Pankaj Joshi, Dieter Cuypers, Michael Vervaeke, Jürgen Van Erps, Hugo Thienpont, Herbert De Smet

Proceedings Volume 9231, 92310H (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2065912

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Polymethylmethacrylate, Diffraction gratings, Silicon, Surface roughness, Liquids, Refractive index, Glasses, Diffraction, Optical testing

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SPIE Journal Paper | 6 October 2014

Optomechanical design of a buckling cavity in a low-cost high-performance ferruleless field-installable single-mode fiber connector

Evert Ebraert, Jürgen Van Erps, Stefano Beri, Jan Watté, Hugo Thienpont

OE, Vol. 53, Issue 10, 106102, (October 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.53.10.106102

KEYWORDS: Single mode fibers, Optical fibers, Connectors, Cladding, Finite element methods, Optomechanical design, Fiber to the x, Silica, Refractive index, Optical engineering

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Proceedings Article | 25 September 2014 Paper

Proof-of-concept demonstration of a miniaturized multi-resolution refocusing imaging system using an electrically tunable lens

L. Smeesters, G. Belay, H. Ottevaere, Y. Meuret, Michael Vervaeke, J. Van Erps, H. Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 9192, 91920G (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2061296

KEYWORDS: Image resolution, Imaging systems, Multichannel imaging systems, Image sensors, Modulation transfer functions, Spatial resolution, Image quality, Liquids, Liquid lenses, Lens design

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SPIE Journal Paper | 3 July 2014

Total internal reflection–based module for fluorescence and absorbance detection

Tom Verschooten, Heidi Ottevaere, Michael Vervaeke, Jürgen Van Erps, Hugo Thienpont

JM3, Vol. 13, Issue 03, 033001, (July 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMM.13.3.033001

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Luminescence, Laser induced fluorescence, Absorbance, Polymethylmethacrylate, Signal to noise ratio, Sensors, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Absorption, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 2014 Paper

Proof-of-concept demonstration of a miniaturized three-channel multiresolution imaging system

Michael Vervaeke, Jürgen Van Erps, Hugo Thienpont, Gebirie Belay, Heidi Ottevaere, Youri Meuret

Proceedings Volume 9138, 91380B (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051785

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Modulation transfer functions, Image sensors, Multichannel imaging systems, Spatial resolution, Microlens array, CMOS sensors, Microlens, Lens design, Image resolution

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2014 Paper

Proof-of-concept demonstration of a total internal reflection based module for fluorescence and absorbance detection using a 3D-printed syringe pump

Tom Verschooten, Heidi Ottevaere, Jürgen Van Erps, Michael Vervaeke, Hugo Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 9130, 91300E (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052082

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Sensors, Laser induced fluorescence, Glasses, Optical filters, Absorbance, Mirrors, Absorption, Signal to noise ratio, Actuators

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2014 Paper

Design of large scale plasmonic nanoslit arrays for arbitrary mode conversion and demultiplexing

Pierre Wahl, Takuo Tanemura, Jürgen Van Erps, Nathalie Vermeulen, David A. Miller, Hugo Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 9126, 91261F (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052104

KEYWORDS: Surface plasmons, Electroluminescent displays, Metals, Finite-difference time-domain method, Interfaces, 3D modeling, Optimization (mathematics), Scattering, Oxides, Plasmonics

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2014 Paper

Opto-mechanical design of a buckling cavity in a novel high-performance outside-plant robust field installable single-mode fibre connector

Evert Ebraert, Jürgen Van Erps, Stefano Beri, Jan Watté, Hugo Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 9130, 91300L (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052222

KEYWORDS: Single mode fibers, Connectors, Cladding, Fiber to the x, Finite element methods, Refractive index, Silica, Optomechanical design, Shape analysis, Tolerancing

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2014 Paper

Self-centering fiber alignment structures for high-precision field installable single-mode fiber connectors

Francis Berghmans, Evert Ebraert, Fei Gao, Michael Vervaeke, Stefano Beri, Jan Watté, Hugo Thienpont, Jürgen Van Erps

Proceedings Volume 9130, 91300K (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051332

KEYWORDS: Optical alignment, Connectors, Structured optical fibers, Internet, Fiber to the x, Prototyping, Cladding, Polymethylmethacrylate, Etching, Finite element methods

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There is a steady increase in the demand for internet bandwidth, primarily driven by cloud services and high-definition video streaming. Europe's Digital Agenda states the ambitious objective that by 2020 all Europeans should have access to internet at speeds of 30Mb/s or above, with 50% or more of households subscribing to connections of 100Mb/s. Today however, internet access in Europe is mainly based on the first generation of broadband, meaning internet accessed over legacy telephone copper and TV cable networks. In recent years, Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) networks have been adopted as a replacement of traditional electrical connections for the `last mile' transmission of information at bandwidths over 1Gb/s. However, FTTH penetration is still very low (< 5%) in most major Western economies. The main reason for this is the high deployment cost of FTTH networks. Indeed, the success and adoption of optical access networks critically depend on the quality and reliability of connections between optical fibers. In particular a further reduction of insertion loss of field- installable connectors must be achieved without a significant increase in component cost. This requires precise alignment of fibers that can differ in terms of ellipticity, eccentricity or diameter and seems hardly achievable using today's widespread ferrule-based alignment systems. In this paper, we present a field-installable connector based on deflectable/compressible spring structures, providing a self-centering functionality for the fiber. This way, it can accommodate for possible fiber cladding diameter variations (the tolerance on the cladding diameter of G.652 fiber is typically ±0.7μm). The mechanical properties of the cantilever are derived through an analytical approximation and a mathematical model of the spring constant, and finite element-based simulations are carried out to find the maximum first principal stress as well as the stress distribution distribution in the fiber alignment structure. Elastic constants of the order of 104N=m are found to be compatible with a proof stress of 70 M Pa. We show the successful prototyping of 3-spring fiber alignment structures using deep proton writing and investigate their compatibility with replication techniques such as hot embossing and injection moulding. Fiber insertion in our self-centering alignment structures is achieved by means of a dedicated interferometric setup allowing assessment of the fiber facet quality, of the fiber's position in relation to the connector's front and of the spring deformation during fiber insertion. These self-centering structures have the potential to become the basic building blocks for a new generation of field-installable connectors, ultimately breaking the current paradigm of ferrule-based connectivity requiring extensive pre-engineering and highly specialized manpower for field deployment.

Proceedings Article | 1 May 2014 Paper

Advanced simulation tool for optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) with arbitrary pulse shapes

Danny Van Goidsenhoven, Benjamin Feigel, Jürgen Van Erps, Michael Vervaeke, Hugo Thienpont, Mulham Khoder, Stefano Beri, Kristof Jeuris, Jan Watté

Proceedings Volume 9131, 91310V (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2051403

KEYWORDS: Signal attenuation, Sensors, Backscatter, Computer simulations, Optical networks, Connectors, Optical simulations, Instrument modeling, Optical testing, Solids

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SPIE Journal Paper | 20 September 2013

Low-coherence interferometry with polynomial interpolation on Compute Unified Device Architecture-enabled graphics processing units

Slawomir Tomczewski, Anna Pakula, Jürgen Van Erps, Hugo Thienpont, Leszek Salbut

OE, Vol. 52, Issue 09, 094105, (September 2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.52.9.094105

KEYWORDS: Interferometry, Cameras, Detection and tracking algorithms, Light sources, Light emitting diodes, Graphics processing units, Computer architecture, Connectors, Flat glass, Data acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 7 May 2013 Paper

Energy-per-bit and noise limits in plasmonic intergrated photodetectors

Pierre Wahl, Takuo Tanemura, Christof Debaes, Nathalie Vermeulen, Jürgen Van Erps, David A. Miller, Hugo Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 8781, 87810R (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2017841

KEYWORDS: Capacitance, Photodetectors, Sensors, Plasmonics, Chlorine, Atrial fibrillation, Absorption, Transistors, Optical instrument design, Receivers

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Proceedings Article | 11 May 2012 Paper

Multi-order, automatic dispersion compensation for 1.28 Terabaud signals

Benjamin Eggleton, Yvan Paquot, Jürgen Van Erps, Trung Vo, Jochen Schröder, Barry Luther-Davies, Steve Madden, Mark Pelusi

Proceedings Volume 8434, 84340I (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.923031

KEYWORDS: Dispersion, Terahertz radiation, Optimization (mathematics), Surface plasmons, Spectrum analysis, Photonics, Multiplexing, Liquid crystal on silicon, RF photonics, Modulators

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Proceedings Article | 9 May 2012 Paper

Design and fabrication of advanced fiber alignment structures for field-installable fiber connectors

Christof Debaes, Jürgen Van Erps, Michael Vervaeke, Jan Watté, Stefano Beri, Alberto Sánchez Martínez, Hugo Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 8428, 84280I (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.922245

KEYWORDS: Structured optical fibers, Connectors, Optical alignment, Prototyping, Polymethylmethacrylate, Fiber to the x, Monte Carlo methods, Optical fibers, Etching, Internet

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Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) networks have been adopted as a potential replacement of traditional electrical connections for the 'last mile' transmission of information at bandwidths over 1Gb/s. However, the success and adoption of optical access networks critically depend on the quality and reliability of connections between optical fibers. In particular a further reduction of insertion loss of field-installable connectors must be achieved without a significant increase in component cost. This requires precise alignment of fibers that can differ in terms of ellipticity, eccentricity or diameter and seems hardly achievable using today's widespread ferrule-based alignment systems. Novel low-cost structures for bare fiber alignment with outstanding positioning accuracies are strongly desired as they would allow reducing loss beyond the level achievable with ferrule-bore systems. However, the realization of such alignment system is challenging as it should provide sufficient force to position the fiber with sub-micron accuracy required in positioning the fiber. In this contribution we propose, design and prototype a bare-fiber alignment system which makes use of deflectable/compressible micro-cantilevers. Such cantilevers behave as springs and provide self-centering functionality to the structure. Simulations of the mechanical properties of the cantilevers are carried out in order to get an analytical approximation and a mathematical model of the spring constant and stress in the structure. Elastic constants of the order of 10⁴ to 10⁵N/m are found out to be compatible with a proof stress of 70 MPa. Finally a first self-centering structure is prototyped in PMMA using our Deep Proton Writing technology. The spring constants of the fabricated cantilevers are in the range of 4 to 6 × 10⁴N/m and the stress is in the range 10 to 20 MPa. These self-centering structures have the potential to become the basic building blocks for a new generation of field-installable connectors.

Proceedings Article | 9 May 2012 Paper

Photonically enhanced polymer labs-on-a-chip

J. Van Erps, H. Thienpont, M. Vervaeke, H. Ottevaere

Proceedings Volume 8428, 84280Z (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.928152

KEYWORDS: Microfluidics, Absorbance, Luminescence, Capillaries, Prototyping, Sensors, Micro optics, Signal detection, Molecules, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 2 February 2012 Paper

Rapid prototyping of interfacing microcomponents for printed circuit board-level optical interconnects

Hugo Thienpont, Jürgen Van Erps, Michael Vervaeke

Proceedings Volume 8267, 82670P (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.912905

KEYWORDS: Micromirrors, Connectors, Waveguides, Optical interconnects, Prototyping, Optical alignment, Rapid manufacturing, Structured optical fibers, Metals, Polymethylmethacrylate

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Proceedings Article | 5 June 2010 Paper

Optical sampling of ultrahigh bitrate signals using highly nonlinear chalcogenide planar waveguides or tapered fibers

Hugo Thienpont, Feng Luan, Mark Pelusi, Jürgen Van Erps, Steve Madden, Douglas Bulla, Eric Mägi, Barry Luther-Davies, Benjamin Eggleton, Duk Yong Choi, Tim Iredale

Proceedings Volume 7728, 772803 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.853640

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Waveguides, Planar waveguides, Chalcogenides, Dispersion, Nonlinear optics, Temporal resolution, Signal processing, Single mode fibers, Signal attenuation

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2010 Paper

High density optical pressure sensor foil based on arrays of crossing flexible waveguides

Geert Van Steenberge, Jan Vanfleteren, Peter Van Daele, Jürgen Van Erps, Bram Van Hoe, Chunxiao Yan, Erwin Bosman, Jeroen Missinne, Dominiek Reynaerts, Eleonora Ferraris, Hugo Thienpont, Christof Debaes

Proceedings Volume 7716, 77161G (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.854578

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Sensors, Cladding, Polymers, Interfaces, Polymer multimode waveguides, Waveguide sensors, Lithography, Polymeric sensors, Optical sensors

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2010 Paper

Populating multi-fiber fiberoptic connectors using an interferometric measurement of fiber tip position and facet quality

Hugo Thienpont, Slawomir Tomczewski, Anna Pakula, Michael Vervaeke, Leszek Salbut, Jurgen Van Erps

Proceedings Volume 7716, 77161I (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.853644

KEYWORDS: Connectors, Interferometers, Interferometry, Detection and tracking algorithms, In situ metrology, Optical fibers, Polymethylmethacrylate, Reconstruction algorithms, Fiber optics tests, Fiber optics

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2010 Paper

Design and fabrication of embedded micro-mirror inserts for out-of-plane coupling in PCB-level optical interconnections

Hugo Thienpont, Nina Hendrickx, Christof Debaes, Erwin Bosman, Peter Van Daele, Jurgen Van Erps

Proceedings Volume 7716, 77161Q (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.853648

KEYWORDS: Micromirrors, Waveguides, Mirrors, Tolerancing, Sensors, Prototyping, Optical interconnects, Ray tracing, Polymers, Integrated optics

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Optical interconnections have gained interest over the last years, and several approaches have been presented for the integration of optics to the printed circuit board (PCB)-level. The use of a polymer optical waveguide layer appears to be the prevailing solution to route optical signals on the PCB. The most difficult issue is the efficient out-of-plane coupling of light between surface-normal optoelectronic devices (lasers and photodetectors) and PCB-integrated waveguides. The most common approach consists of using 45° reflecting micro-mirrors. The micro-mirror performance significantly affects the total insertion loss of the optical interconnect system, and hence has a crucial role on the system's bit error rate (BER) characteristics. Several technologies have been proposed for the fabrication of 45° reflector micro-mirrors directly into waveguides. Alternatively, it is possible to make use of discrete coupling components which have to be inserted into cavities formed in the PCB-integrated waveguides. In this paper, we present a hybrid approach where we try to combine the advantages of integrated and discrete coupling mirrors, i.e. low coupling loss and maintenance of the planararity of the top surface of the optical layer, allowing the lamination of additional layers or the mounting of optoelectronic devices. The micro-mirror inserts are designed through non-sequential ray tracing simulations, including a tolerance analysis, and subsequently prototyped with Deep Proton Writing (DPW). The DPW prototypes are compatible with mass fabrication at low cost in a wide variety of high-tech plastics. The DPW micro-mirror insert is metallized and inserted in a laser ablated cavity in the optical layer and in a next step covered with cladding material. Surface roughness measurements confirm the excellent quality of the mirror facet. An average mirror loss of 0.35-dB was measured in a receiver scheme, which is the most stringent configuration. Finally, the configuration is robust, since the mirror is embedded and thus protected from environmental contamination, like dust or moisture adsorption, which makes them interesting candidates for out-of-plane coupling in high-end boards.

Proceedings Article | 13 May 2010 Paper

Optical interconnects for satellite payloads: overview of the state-of-the-art

Mikko Karppinen, Timo Aalto, Jürgen Van Erps, Hugo Thienpont, Christof Debaes, Michael Vervaeke, Mikko Harjanne, Antti Tanskanen

Proceedings Volume 7716, 77161E (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.853641

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Optical interconnects, Satellites, Transceivers, Receivers, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Packaging, Optoelectronics, Optical alignment, Polymers

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The increased demand of broadband communication services like High Definition Television, Video On Demand, Triple Play, fuels the technologies to enhance the bandwidth of individual users towards service providers and hence the increase of aggregate bandwidths on terrestial networks. Optical solutions clearly leverage the bandwidth appetite easily whereas electrical interconnection schemes require an ever-increasing effort to counteract signal distortions at higher bitrates. Dense wavelength division multiplexing and all-optical signal regeneration and switching solve the bandwidth demands of network trunks. Fiber-to-the-home, and fiber-to-the-desk are trends towards providing individual users with greatly increased bandwidth. Operators in the satellite telecommunication sector face similar challenges fuelled by the same demands as for their terrestial counterparts. Moreover, the limited number of orbital positions for new satellites set the trend for an increase in payload datacommunication capacity using an ever-increasing number of complex multi-beam active antennas and a larger aggregate bandwidth. Only satellites with very large capacity, high computational density and flexible, transparent fully digital payload solutions achieve affordable communication prices. To keep pace with the bandwidth and flexibility requirements, designers have to come up with systems requiring a total digital througput of a few Tb/s resulting in a high power consuming satellite payload. An estimated 90 % of the total power consumption per chip is used for the off-chip communication lines. We have undertaken a study to assess the viability of optical datacommunication solutions to alleviate the demands regarding power consumption and aggregate bandwidth imposed on future satellite communication payloads. The review on optical interconnects given here is especially focussed on the demands of the satellite communication business and the particular environment in which the optics have to perform their functionality: space.

Proceedings Article | 13 May 2010 Paper

Deep proton writing: a powerful rapid prototyping technology for various micro-optical components

Jürgen Van Erps, Alex Hermanne, Hugo Thienpont, Heidi Ottevaere, Michael Vervaeke, Christof Debaes, Sara Van Overmeire

Proceedings Volume 7716, 77160W (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.853645

KEYWORDS: Micromirrors, Waveguides, Connectors, Prototyping, Molecules, Rapid manufacturing, Optical interconnects, Absorbance, Biomedical optics, Luminescence

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Proceedings Article | 12 February 2009 Paper

MT-compatible interface between peripheral fiber ribbons and printed circuit board-integrated optical waveguides

H. Thienpont, P. Yan, C. Debaes, G. Van Steenberge, M. Vervaeke, P. Van Daele, J. Van Erps, N. Hendrickx

Proceedings Volume 7221, 72210C (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.805405

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Optical alignment, Connectors, Laser ablation, Interfaces, Tolerancing, Optical fibers, Polymers, Polymer multimode waveguides, Multimode fibers

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Proceedings Article | 11 August 2008 Paper

Interferometric method for in-situ monitoring of fiber insertion in 2D fiber connectors fabricated through Deep Proton Writing

Slawomir Tomczewski, Virginia Gomez, Dariusz Lukaszewski, Leszek Salbut, Jürgen Van Erps, Hugo Thienpont, Anna Pakula

Proceedings Volume 7064, 70640O (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.794883

KEYWORDS: Connectors, Interferometry, Ferroelectric materials, Algorithms, Detection and tracking algorithms, Beam splitters, Polymethylmethacrylate, Light sources, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Laser interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 2008 Paper

Fabrication method to create high-aspect ratio pillars for photonic coupling of board level interconnects

H. Suyal, J. Van Erps, H. Thienpont, J. Hiltunen, M. Taghizadeh, A. Glebov, M. Lee, J. Mohr, P. Karioja, A. Last, M. Karppinen, C. Debaes

Proceedings Volume 6992, 69920T (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.782721

KEYWORDS: Multiphoton lithography, Polymers, Waveguides, Photomasks, Lithography, Optical interconnects, Optoelectronics, Ultraviolet radiation, Scanning electron microscopy, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 15 May 2008 Paper

Replication of micro-optical components and nano-structures for mass production

O. Parriaux, S. Wilson, M. Hartmann, M. Guttmann, S. Tonchev, J. Van Erps, C.-J. Moran-Iglesias, J. Mohr, R. Krajewski, M. Wissmann

Proceedings Volume 6992, 699208 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.779511

KEYWORDS: Polymethylmethacrylate, Glasses, Metals, Spherical lenses, Nanolithography, Nickel, Copper, Scanning electron microscopy, Lithography, Electroplating

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Proceedings Article | 14 May 2008 Paper

Enhanced pluggable out-of-plane coupling components for printed circuit board-level optical interconnections

C. Debaes, S. Heyvaert, N. Hendrickx, P. Van Daele, H. Thienpont, J. Van Erps, B. Van Giel

Proceedings Volume 6992, 69920S (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.779265

KEYWORDS: Micromirrors, Sensors, Waveguides, Mirrors, Collimation, Ray tracing, Optimization (mathematics), Optical circuits, Optical interconnects, Tolerancing

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Proceedings Article | 14 May 2008 Paper

A low loss 180 degrees coupling fiber socket making use of low bending loss hole-assisted fiber

C. Debaes, P. Mergo, J. Wojcik, J. Watté, J. Van Erps, T. Aerts, H. Thienpont, T. Nasilowski, H. Terryn

Proceedings Volume 6992, 699204 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.778649

KEYWORDS: Connectors, Single mode fibers, Cladding, Fiber to the x, Waveguides, Fiber couplers, Optical fibers, Prototyping, Polymers, Scanning electron microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 14 May 2008 Paper

Coupling structures for out-of-plane coupling in optical PCBs

J. Van Erps, N. Hendrickx, H. Thienpont, E. Bosman, P. Van Daele

Proceedings Volume 6992, 69920R (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.780505

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Mirrors, Laser ablation, Micromirrors, Polymers, Cladding, Optical interconnects, Integrated optics, Optical printed circuit boards, Optical components

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Proceedings Article | 14 May 2008 Paper

Characterization of the optical parameters of high aspect ratio polymer micro-optical components

Malgorzata Kujawinska, Markus Wissmann, S. Tonchev, Jurgen Van Erps, Olivier Parriaux, Jurgen Mohr, Rafal Krajewski, Hugo Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 6992, 69921B (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.783472

KEYWORDS: Glasses, Prototyping, Polymers, Refractive index, Fabrication, Optical components, Micromachining, Inspection, Optical testing, Polishing

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Proceedings Article | 14 May 2008 Paper

Replication of deep micro-optical components prototyped by Deep Proton Writing

L. Desmet, M. Guttmann, M. Hartmann, C. Debaes, H. Thienpont, J. Van Erps, J. Mohr, M. Wissmann

Proceedings Volume 6992, 699209 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.779293

KEYWORDS: Prototyping, Polymers, Liquids, Sensors, Metals, Electroplating, Polymethylmethacrylate, Waveguides, Micro cutting, Nickel

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Proceedings Article | 8 February 2008 Paper

Towards flexible routing schemes for polymer optical interconnections on printed circuit boards

H. Thienpont, J. Van Erps, N. Hendrickx, E. Bosman, G. Van Steenberge, P. Van Daele

Proceedings Volume 6899, 689904 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.761642

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Waveguides, Laser ablation, Polymers, Optical interconnects, Optical alignment, Micromirrors, Excimer lasers, Cladding, Optical components

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Proceedings Article | 4 May 2007 Paper

Sensing properties of Bragg grating in highly birefringent and single mode photonic crystal fiber

Hugo Thienpont, Tadeusz Martynkien, Jan Wojcik, Marcin Szpulak, Gabriela Statkiewicz, Pawel Mergo, Jacek Olszewski, Tomasz Nasilowski, Mariusz Makara, Jurgen Van Erps, Christoph Chojetzki, Johan Vlekken, Francis Berghmans, Waclaw Urbanczyk

Proceedings Volume 6588, 65880I (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.723787

KEYWORDS: Optical fibers, Fiber Bragg gratings, Temperature metrology, Polarization, Birefringence, Polarimetry, Photonic crystal fibers, Sensors, Fiber optics sensors, Cladding

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Proceedings Article | 9 April 2007 Paper

Sensing applications of photonic crystal fibres

Francis Berghmans, Jacek Olszewski, Tomasz Nasilowski, Jurgen Van Erps, Mariusz Makara, Gabriela Statkiewicz, Waclaw Urbanczyk, Christoph Chojetzki, Jan Wojcik, Johan Vlekken, Pawel Mergo, Tadeusz Martynkien, Hugo Thienpont, Grzegorz Golojuch, Marcin Szpulak

Proceedings Volume 6608, 660802 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.739311

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Fiber Bragg gratings, Birefringence, Cladding, Photonic crystal fibers, Temperature metrology, Polarimetry, Structured optical fibers, Silica, Fiber optics sensors

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Proceedings Article | 14 February 2007 Paper

Low-cost micro-optics for PCB-level photonic interconnects

Jürgen Van Erps, Heidi Ottevaere, Alex Hermanne, Christof Debaes, Nina Hendrickx, Lieven Desmet, Pedro Vynck, Peter Van Daele, Yuzo Ishii, Hugo Thienpont, Virginia Gomez, Geert Van Steenberge, Michael Vervaeke, Sara Van Overmeire

Proceedings Volume 6476, 64760L (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.705844

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Micromirrors, Optical interconnects, Laser ablation, Free space optics, Connectors, Prototyping, Integrated optics, Polymers, Monte Carlo methods

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Proceedings Article | 2 October 2006 Paper

Rapid micro-optical prototyping technology for fabricating optical interconnection modules at the MCM and PCB level

Y. Ishii, H. Ottevaere, V. Gomez, J. Van Erps, L. Desmet, M. Vervaeke, P. Vynck, S. Van Overmeire, A. Hermanne, C. Debaes, H. Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 6393, 639302 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.687168

KEYWORDS: Polymethylmethacrylate, Optical interconnects, Prototyping, Free space optics, Ions, Waveguides, Connectors, Etching, Monte Carlo methods, Tolerancing

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2006 Paper

AFM benchmark for the profile characterisation of subwavelength diffractive elements within the EC Network of Excellence on Micro-Optics (NEMO)

N. Destouches, J. Tervo, J. Turunen, M. Kujawinska, S. Reynaud, H. Ottevaere, W. Nakagawa, J. Pietarinen, H. Herzig, S. Tonchev, J. Van Erps

Proceedings Volume 6188, 61881K (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.668466

KEYWORDS: Atomic force microscopy, Diffraction gratings, Scanning electron microscopy, Calibration, Optical testing, Micro optics, Metrology, Inverse optics, Scanners, Etching

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Proceedings Article | 21 April 2006 Paper

Prototyping micro-optical components with integrated out-of-plane coupling structures using deep lithography with protons

Jürgen Van Erps, Christof Debaes, Bart Volckaerts, Hugo Thienpont, Lawrence Bogaert

Proceedings Volume 6185, 618504 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.663372

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Micromirrors, Sensors, Multimode fibers, Reflection, Digital Light Processing, Lithography, Surface roughness, Switching, Coating

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Proceedings Article | 21 April 2006 Paper

Roughness measurements on coupling structures for optical interconnections integrated on a printed circuit board

Himanshu Suyal, Hugo Thienpont, Peter Van Daele, Jürgen Van Erps, Mohammad Taghizadeh, Nina Hendrickx

Proceedings Volume 6185, 61851E (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.665387

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Surface roughness, Laser ablation, Micromirrors, Polymers, Waveguide lasers, Optical interconnects, Mirrors, Polymethylmethacrylate, Integrated optics

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Proceedings Article | 21 April 2006 Paper

Design, fabrication, and characterization of a low-cost lens-based fibre connector for passive optical networks

C. Ruwisch, J. Van Erps, J. Watté, H. Thienpont, B. Volckaerts, Y. Meuret

Proceedings Volume 6185, 618513 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.661898

KEYWORDS: Connectors, Tolerancing, Prisms, Beam propagation method, Gaussian beams, Optical simulations, Fiber couplers, Spherical lenses, Passive optical networks, Assembly tolerances

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Proceedings Article | 21 April 2006 Paper

Laser ablated coupling structures for stacked optical interconnections on printed circuit boards

Hugo Thienpont, Peter Geerinck, Jürgen Van Erps, Nina Hendrickx, Geert Van Steenberge, Peter Van Daele

Proceedings Volume 6185, 618503 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.663247

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Micromirrors, Laser ablation, Optics manufacturing, Cladding, Integrated optics, Polymers, Surface roughness, Sensors, Optical interconnects

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Proceedings Article | 28 February 2006 Paper

Low-cost plastic micro-optics for board-level optical interconnections

L. Desmet, H. Ottevaere, B. Volckaerts, H. Thienpont, A. Hermanne, M. Vervaeke, C. Debaes, J. Van Erps, P. Vynck, V. Gomez

Proceedings Volume 6126, 61260M (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.660141

KEYWORDS: Optical interconnects, Free space optics, Waveguides, Prototyping, Monte Carlo methods, Error analysis, Tolerancing, Micro optics, Connectors, Packaging

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Proceedings Article | 10 February 2006 Paper

Development of a fabrication technology for integrating low cost optical interconnects on a printed circuit board

Hugo Thienpont, Jurgen Van Erps, Erwin Bosman, Peter Van Daele, Nina Hendrickx, Geert Van Steenberge, Steven Van Put, Peter Geerinck

Proceedings Volume 6126, 612603 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.644508

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Mirrors, Laser ablation, Polymers, Polymer multimode waveguides, Manufacturing, Excimer lasers, Cladding, Metals, Optical interconnects

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Proceedings Article | 30 September 2005 Paper

Deep lithography with protons to prototype pluggable micro-optical out-of-plane coupling structures for multimode waveguides

Geert Van Steenberge, Jürgen Van Erps, Nina Hendrickx, Peter Geerinck, Peter Van Daele, Hugo Thienpont, Christof Debaes, Bart Volckaerts

Proceedings Volume 5956, 595608 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.623143

KEYWORDS: Waveguides, Micromirrors, Sensors, Reflection, Digital Light Processing, Tolerancing, Multimode fibers, Coating, Laser ablation, Lithography

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Proceedings Article | 1 September 2005 Paper

A single photon spectrometer for biomedical applications

S. Tudisco, A. Scordino, S. Privitera, G. Fallica, D. Sanfilippo, A. Hermanne, A. Pappalardo, L. Cosentino, P. Vynck, P. Finocchiaro, F. Musumeci, H. Thienpont, J. Van Erps, A. Campisi, M. Vervaeke, B. Volckaerts

Proceedings Volume 5864, 58640P (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.633054

KEYWORDS: Photons, Sensors, Single photon, Diodes, Spectroscopy, Biomedical optics, Quenching (fluorescence), Spectrum analysis, Prototyping, Capacitance

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Proceedings Article | 9 December 2004 Paper

Design and implementation of an on-campus free-space laser datalink: a photonics case study for electrical and photonic engineering students

Lieven Desmet, Steven Brantegem, Michael Vervaeke, Jurgen Van Erps, Hugo Thienpont

Proceedings Volume 5578, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.567401

KEYWORDS: Photonics, Free space optics, Optical fibers, Semiconductor lasers, Laser development, Telecommunications, Eye, Modulation, Electronics, Objectives

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Proceedings Article | 31 December 2003 Paper

Wave-optical components for reconfigurable short-distance optical interconnects

Ryszard Buczynski, Michael Vervaeke, Juergen Van Erps, Lieven Desmet, Hugo Thienpont, Wojciech Grabowski

Proceedings Volume 5182, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.511968

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Optical interconnects, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Microlens, Optoelectronics, Prisms, Microlens array, Polymethylmethacrylate, Diffractive optical elements, Optical components

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