This paper uses an ultrafast laser with a wavelength of 532nm and a pulse width of 10ps to conduct cutting process experiments on typical grades of CFRP materials in the aerospace manufacturing field, such as high-modulus CFRP and high-strength CFRP. After optimizing laser parameters and processing paths, a high-quality processing effect with minimal heat affected zone was obtained, and the fracture morphology characteristics and mechanical properties of the processed specimens were studied. The results indicate that under the laser wavelength, pulse width, and processing parameters selected in this paper, the morphology of the cut edge of typical CFRP materials was observed without visible heat affected zone through 200x optical microscope magnification, and the processed section was bright and burr-free, the fiber bundle section was neat, and the resin section was smooth through 2000x scanning electron microscope observation. Through the mechanical tensile testing, compared the ultrafast laser processed tensile specimens with the traditional mechanical cutting and punching tensile specimens, the ultrafast laser processed specimens of many typical grades of CFRP materials all have higher tensile mechanical properties, which also proves that the ultrafast laser pulse width and wave band used for CFRP materials have excellent processing quality, and are suitable for promotion and application in the aerospace manufacturing field. Finally, this paper introduces the typical applications of ultrafast laser processing CFRP in aerospace products.
This paper uses an ultrafast laser with a wavelength of 532nm and a pulse width of 10ps to conduct cutting process experiments on typical grades of CFRP materials in the aerospace manufacturing field, such as high-modulus CFRP and high-strength CFRP. After optimizing laser parameters and processing paths, a high-quality processing effect with minimal heat affected zone was obtained, and the fracture morphology characteristics and mechanical properties of the processed specimens were studied. The results indicate that under the laser wavelength, pulse width, and processing parameters selected in this paper, the morphology of the cut edge of typical CFRP materials was observed without visible heat affected zone through 200x optical microscope magnification, and the processed section was bright and burrfree, the fiber bundle section was neat, and the resin section was smooth through 2000x scanning electron microscope observation. Through the mechanical tensile testing, compared the ultrafast laser processed tensile specimens with the traditional mechanical cutting and punching tensile specimens, the ultrafast laser processed specimens of many typical grades of CFRP materials all have higher tensile mechanical properties, which also proves that the ultrafast laser pulse width and wave band used for CFRP materials have excellent processing quality, and are suitable for promotion and application in the aerospace manufacturing field. Finally, this paper introduces the typical applications of ultrafast laser processing CFRP in aerospace products.
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely used in aerospace, transportation and other fields due to its excellent material properties. In order to improve the adhesive bond strength of CFRP composites, surface treatment is particularly important. In this study, femtosecond laser was used to treat the surface of aerospace high modulus CFRP composites, and the changes of resin removal and micro/nano structure of carbon fiber with laser fluence were investigated. It was found that the improvement of wettability was more favorable under the condition of removing the ablated resin and forming the complete micro/nano structure on the surface of carbon fiber. Through optimization, changing the laser fluence used in surface treatment, the water contact angle of the treated surface was reduced from 111.9° to 7.5°, greatly increasing the hydrophilicity of the surface, significantly enhancing the ductility of the surface liquid, which is expected to promote the flow and penetration of the adhesive on the surface, and further enhance the bond strength.
Based on the brightness value distribution of a range of shaped Gaussian laser beams measured by a CCD camera, an analytical model presenting the laser power density field has been established by using Gaussian distribution function considering the divergence characteristics of laser beams. A simulation of a sheet metal laser scanning process has been conducted by embedding the analytical model into FE software ABAQUS and compared with a corresponding experiment. The results reveal that the simulated temperature field agrees well with the measured one by an error within 7%, indicating the good accuracy of the analytical model and enhanced the foundation of the application of thermal laser scanning.
We experimentally showed that the π/2-period oscillation of femtosecond laser ablation threshold with laser polarization orientation can be observed in calcium fluoride (CaF2). While the lowest single pulse ablation threshold, 5.3 J/cm2, was observed when laser polarization is along the 010-crystal axis, the highest one, 5.8±0.1 J/cm2, was found when angle between polarization and the 010-crystal axis were π/4 or 3π/4. The π/2-period oscillation of ablation threshold tends to be eliminated (yet still detectable) at high pulse fluence. The anisotropic ablation is possibly resulted from the different rate of avalanche ionization in different crystal axes.
Fiber-Reinforced Plastics/Polymers (FRPs) are widely used in the astronautic industry as the material of spacecrafts’ structural, thermal control, and satellite payload system. Ultrafast laser processing is a non-contact, versatile or efficient tool for reduced, equal, or additive material processing, which has very recently been put into use for manufacturing spacecrafts made of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. We analyzed the fitness between ultrafast laser manufacturing technology and astronautic manufacturing demand. Special attention was paid on the progress related to ultrafast laser processing of fiber-reinforced polymers used in spacecrafts, such as cutting, milling, laser marking and surface roughening for preparation of high adhesion coatings, with carbon- FRP and glass-FRP involved. Typical machining results via traditional manufacturing techniques were demonstrated for comparisons. The study may shed light on the practical application of ultrafast laser processing of FRP products used in the astronautic industries.
In this paper, ultrafast laser ablation of Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastic (AFRP) and its application in satellite reflector antenna was studied. Intrinsic properties for transmission spectrum were measured. For material processing the influence of pulse energy fluence, pulse overlapping rate and laser wavelength (from the NIR to the NUV) on appearance qualities (namely the blackening of cutting edge) were studied. It was shown that the wavelength played an important role in controlling the machining defects such as blackening. While NUV wavelength long pulse (10 ps) laser generated a smooth cutting cross-section with material’s intrinsic colors, the NIR wavelength resulted in a carbonization-prone ablation, even if the femtosecond laser was considered. The possible mechanisms involved were discussed. The application of laser trimming of satellite antenna was demonstrated.
In this paper, we studied the ultrafast response of the dielectric properties of monolayer phosphorene to femtosecond laser pulses by employing time-dependent density functional theory. The simulation results showed that the dielectric function of monolayer phosphorene exhibited a negative divergence of its real part at low frequency and a remarkable “quasi-exciton” absorption peak of its imaginary part after femtosecond laser irradiating. It was inferred that this type of response was induced by electron-hole pairs excited by the femtosecond laser. The nonlinear response of excited current by femtosecond laser in monolayer phosphorene was also investigated. The plasma oscillation and breakdown in monolayer phosphorene was revealed. Moreover, we showed how the degrees of freedom (intensity and wavelength) of the laser pulse could be helpful for the manipulation of the system transient response.
The near-infrared picosecond laser ablation characteristics (threshold, heat-affected zone (HAZ) and morphology) for graphitized carbon fiber-reinforced cyanate ester resin (M55/BS-4), a mesoscopically heterogeneous composite, were studied. The ablation threshold and its incubation effect for the composite were measured based on the diameter-regression method, with the single-pulse threshold derived from the incubation model. The influence of incident laser fluence (0.6-26J/cm2) and beam scanning speed (0.8-5m/s) on the ablation quality were analyzed. It was show that the ablation threshold, morphology and thickness of HAZ can be controlled by processing parameters for the composite. Well-defined groove with clear edge and minor HAZ, probably an indication of mesoscopically uniform removal for the material’s heterogeneous structure, was obtained by using a proper combination of scanning speed and incident fluence. A satellite-used carbon-fiber skin as large as 1m2 based on laser cutting was demonstrated by using further optimized processing parameters.
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) is a typical hard to machine material. High modulus CFRP is one of the most widely used types in spacecraft structures. In this paper, the ultrafast laser precision cutting technology for two kinds of high modulus materials with different thermal conductivity is studied. The single factor ablation experiments are carried out on two kinds of plates with the thickness of 1mm. The threshold value of the two materials and the influence law of different laser fluence and scanning speed parameters on the entrance cutting size and heat-affected zone are obtained, and the physical mechanism of the above laws is described. The results show that the huge difference in the thermal conductivity of the two materials has a certain influence on the difficulty of processing the material and the selection of process parameters.
We carried out a comparative study on ablation threshold behavior of femtosecond laser twin double-pulse processing of typical transparent material, semiconductors and metallic materials. Based on the change of ablation area with pulse temporal separation (100 fs-15ps) under the same spatially distributed Gaussian beam, influence of pulse-separation on normalized double-pulse ablation threshold (which is normalized to the single-pulse ablation threshold) was demonstrated qualitatively. Special attention paid on the variation characteristics of normalized double-pulse ablation threshold in the sub-picosecond pulse-separation range, as well as its value in pulse-separations comparable or larger than the electron-phonon (or ion) coupling time. We show that the ablation threshold behavior of femtosecond laser twin double-pulse is strongly material-specie dependent, however, can be summarized in to several ones. The difference in ionization and/or deionization mechanisms for the non-metal compared is possibly the physical origins for the contrasted behavior of double-pulse ablation threshold.
Due to the particularity of the material and structure of the temperature control product ammonia axial channel thermotube on satellite, there are few researches on its forming at home and abroad at present. In the process of product development, defects such as cross section deformation, accuracy out of tolerance and springback will occur, which will reduce the quality and pass rate of the product and affect the progress of the product, laser induced bending forming method is adopted in this paper, and the technological parameters of laser induced bending forming are studied according to the bending radius and angle required by the designer.In actual research process, firstly, we utilize ABAQUE software to simulate the effect of the selection of process parameters and the forming mechanism of laser induced bending forming as well as observing the laser effect in the process of stress, strain and temperature changes as well as angle, referring to the result of simulation test. Finally, we get specific process parameters under bending radius and bending angle.
High-volume SiCp/Al materials were processed by Laser-induced Oxidation assisted machining technology.We obtained the laser induced oxidation process and oxidation mechanism, through the analysis of the average laser power, scanning speed, scanning distance and other factors on the oxidation effect.The results show that:1) In an oxygen-rich environment, the oxide layer will eventually exist as mullite(2 Al2O3·SiO2)after sufficient reaction of the surface material. 2) When the average laser power is 6W, the laser scanning speed is 1 mm/s, and the laser scanning distance is 10 μm, the optimal combination of parameters is obtained. The results show that the thermal hardening layer and dense layer are the least and the hardness is low, which is suitable for high efficiency and precision milling; 3)The laser induced oxidation assisted milling technology can significantly improve the processing efficiency, the material removal rate is greater than 3000 mm3 /min, the surface roughness value after Precision machining is better than Ra0.4 μm.
We carried out a comparative study on laser cutting of fiber-reinforced plastic and its honeycomb sandwich structure widely used in aeronautic industry. The influence of pulse duration (CW, ns, ps and fs), wavelength (MIR, NIR, and NUV) on cutting quality (characterized by the HAZ) and productivity was experimentally studied. It was demonstrated that for either the aramid fiber reinforced plastics/polymers (AFRPs) or high-modulus carbon fiber reinforced plastics/polymers (CFRPs) and its honeycomb sandwich structure, tradition laser cutting was unable to satisfy the requirements of the appearance qualities in the astronautic industry due to the thermal damage induced discoloration, in spite of the less extension of damage than the contact machining used currently. The pulse duration effects on HAZ, the wavelength effects on cutting quality and productivity, the differences and similarities for low-HAZ cutting of AFRPs and high-modulus CFRPs, was studied, and the possible physical origins was discussed.
Morphological evolution of ripple on nickel surface induced by temporally shaped femtosecond laser irradiation were studied and compared with titanium. It was revealed that the transformation of single-pulse irradiation into double-pulse irradiation can exert very different influence on ripple morphology evolution for different metals. For nickel, the double-pulse irradiation resulted in the growth in rippled area, ripple period and ripple contrast, compared with the single-pulse irradiation, while double-pulse processing of titanium leads to reductions in in rippled area and ripple period. The contrasted influence of Te on electron-phonon coupling factor (G) for the two metals was the primary factor for the different behaviors of ripple morphology evolution with temporal pulse shaping.
Temporally shaped femtosecond laser pulse control of two basic heat transportation processes in metals, i.e., electron-phonon coupling and electronic heat diffusion is investigated experimentally and theoretically. It is revealed that the transformation of single-pulse irradiation into double-pulse irradiation, or an adjustment of pulse-separation for double-pulse irradiation, in all case keeping the energy constant, can exert very different influence on electron-phonon coupling and electronic heat diffusion for different metals. This can lead to an unusual ablation/damage effect for nickel, i.e., an ablation/damage enhancement after double-pulse irradiation with respect to single-pulse irradiation, in comparison with the ablation/damage suppression for various other metals as widely reported. We conclude that control of heat transportation processes with tailored femtosecond pulses is suitable for robust manipulation of metal excitation and thus control of the initial steps of laser processing of metallic materials.
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