Exploiting differences in photosensitizer (PS) localization and mechanisms of action with sequential or simultaneous activation protocols has been shown to improve photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. Various sub-cellular, cellular and stromal components can be targeted, causing selective photodamage. Previous reports have shown that rationally targeting non-overlapping tumor compartments or sub-cellular sites considerably enhances outcomes from PDT. The current presentation describes the benefits of simultaneously targeting lysosomes and mitochondria/endoplasmic reticulum using lipid-anchored and entrapped liposomal preparations of benzoporphyrin derivative, respectively, with an emphasis on results in 3D models of ovarian cancer.
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