The maximum independent set (MIS) problem is an optimization problem in graph theory and is related to various applications such as network design and resource allocation. Here we report that a coherent Ising machine based on a network of optical parametric oscillators can find large independent sets in graphs that consist of thousands of nodes faster than simulated annealing implemented many-core CPU.
We describe a large-scale degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) network for a coherent Ising machine that solves combinatorial optimization problems. By pumping a fiber-based phase-sensitive amplifier placed in a 1-km fiber cavity at a 2-GHz repetition frequency, we generated more than 10,000 DOPOs multiplexed in the time domain. We confirmed that the DOPO phases were discretized to {0, π} indicating that they could be used as stable artificial spins. We also implemented a one-dimensional Ising model by optically coupling adjacent DOPOs, and confirmed that the DOPOs well simulated the behavior of low-temperature spins.
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