We report the fabrication and validation of a microfluidic chip for fluorescence detection, which incorporates in the same glass substrate the microfluidic network, the excitation, the filtering, and the collection elements. The device is fabricated in a hybrid approach combining different technologies, such as femtosecond laser micromachining and RF sputtering, to increase their individual capabilities. The validation of the chip demonstrates a good wavelength selective light filtering and a limit of detection of a 600-nM concentration of Oxazine 720 perchlorate dye.
We demonstrate a way of light harvesting in integrated microfluidic chips fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining. The architecture consists of waveguide arrays fabricated in the vicinity of the microchannel filled with a fluorescent organic solution (e.g., polyfluorene solution). Amplified spontaneous emission from the microchannel is efficiently coupled by the waveguides to the outside of the chip.
We report the fabrication of micro-Fresnel lenses by femtosecond laser surface ablation on one-dimensional (1-D) polymer photonic crystals. This device is designed to focus the transmitted wavelength (520 nm) of the photonic crystal and filter the wavelengths corresponding to the photonic band-gap region (centered at 630 nm, ranging from 530 to 700 nm). Integration of such devices in a wavelength selective light harvesting and filtering microchip is envisaged.
The Femtosecond laser micromachining is a versatile tool for fabrication of microfluidic channel network; we exploit the
fast prototyping capability of this technology to produce various channel configurations and study the alignment and
topological defects in microchannels filled with Liquid crystals. The configurations consist of multiple intersections of
microchannels to form networks both in 2D and 3D. The effect of each configuration on the defect formations is also
studied.
We present design and optimization of an optofluidic monolithic chip, able to provide optical trapping and controlled
stretching of single cells. The chip is fabricated in a fused silica glass substrate by femtosecond laser micromachining,
which can produce both optical waveguides and microfluidic channels with great accuracy.
Versatility and three-dimensional capabilities of this fabrication technology provide the possibility to fabricate circular
cross-section channels with enlarged access holes for an easy connection with an external fluidic circuit. Moreover, a
new fabrication procedure adopted allows the demonstration of microchannels with a square cross-section, thus
guaranteeing an improved quality of the trapped cell images.
Optical trapping and stretching of single red blood cells are demonstrated, thus proving the effectiveness of the proposed
device as a monolithic optical stretcher.
We believe that femtosecond laser micromachining represents a promising technique for the development of
multifunctional integrated biophotonic devices that can be easily coupled to a microscope platform, thus enabling a
complete characterization of the cells under test.
Femtosecond laser based micromachining technologies have the inherent capability of producing elements in 3D. Their
ability of rapid prototyping can be exploited to develop novel Optofluidics devices. Microfluidic channels were
fabricated and integrated with optical waveguides using a single femtosecond laser. Optically pumping the microchannel
filled with polyfluorene solution and by dispersing nanoparticles in the solution, random lasing in the microchannel is
obtained. We demonstrate a novel approach to organic photonic devices, where the unique properties of a conjugated
polymer in solution are exploited in a microfluidic configuration in order to produce easy-to-integrate photonic devices.
We present some of our results on the femtosecond laser direct writing and characterization of micro-structures in
silicate, FoturanTM, and tellurite glasses. Structures with different sizes were fabricated with varying input energy and
spatially modified pulse using a slit. Various characterization techniques including fluorescence spectroscopy, micro-
Raman spectroscopy, and laser confocal microscopy were employed to analyze the structural and physical modifications
at focal volume resulting in the change of refractive index (RI). The RI change due to material modification was estimated using diffraction from a continuous wave laser beam and is presented in this work. The results obtained are analyzed vis-a-vis the recent work in similar glasses and the applications of such structures in the fields of photonics.
We present some of our results on the femtosecond laser direct writing and characterization of micro-gratings in
Baccarat glass. Gratings were inscribed with amplified 800 nm, ~100 femtosecond pulses at 1 kHz repetition rate. The
change in refractive index of the modified region was estimated from grating efficiency measurements and was found to
be ~10-3. Micro-Raman studies demonstrated an increase in the intensity of the band near 596 cm-1 in the laser irradiated region clearly indicating an increase in the refractive index. Micro-Raman mapping of the grating showed a periodic
variation of the band intensity further confirming the formation of grating. Structures with sub wavelength dimensions
(<800 nm) were achieved with shaping of the input pulses using a rectangular slit. Waveguides were inscribed by optimizing parameters like slit width, focusing conditions, translation speed etc. We shall present our results on the physical, spectroscopic and optical characterization of these structures.
Er3+/Yb3+-codoped 95.8 SiO2-4.2 HfO2 planar waveguide was fabricated by the rf-sputtering technique. The sample was doped with 0.2 mol% Er and 0.2 mol% Yb. The thickness and the refractive indices of the waveguide were measured by an m-line apparatus operating at 543.5, 632.8, 1319 and 1542 nm. The losses, for the TE0 mode, were evaluated at 632.8, 1319 and 1542 nm. The structural properties were investigated with energy dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The waveguide had a single-mode at 1.3 and 1.5 μm and an attenuation coefficient of 0.2 dB/cm at 1.5 μm was obtained. The emission of 4I13/2->4I15/2 of Er3+ ion transition with a 42 nm bandwidth was observed upon excitation in the TE0 mode at 980 and 514.5 nm. The 4I13/2 level decay curves presented a single-exponential profile, with a lifetime of 4.6 ms. Back energy transfer from Er3+ to Yb3+ was demonstrated by measurement of Yb3+ emission upon Er3+ excitation at 514.5 nm. Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy was used to obtain information about the effective excitation efficiency of Er3+ ions by co-doping with Yb3+ ions. Channel waveguides in rib configuration were obtained by etching the active film by a wet etching process. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to analyze the morphology of the waveguides.
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