We developed a reflection-mode broadband photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Taking advantage of high-sensitivity refractive index sensing and ultrafast time response of the SPR sensor, photoacoustic (PA) transients can be measured accurately. The PAM system shows, experimentally, the available detection bandwidth of up to ~109 MHz, giving an estimated axial resolution of around 12.1 μm. A reflective objective is combined with a miniature SPR sensor, enabling the reflection-mode PAM with a lateral resolution of 5.0 μm. Using our PAM system, we image melanoma cells in vitro, providing the spatial distribution of melanin particles within melanoma cells. Further, the microvasculature is acquired in a mouse ear in vivo, delineating three-dimensional morphological characteristics of both the major blood vessels and capillaries.
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