We present a comprehensive approach to the characterization and modeling of photovoltaic metal-halide perovskite single junction devices and perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. The framework is based on 1D opto-electronic device simulation in steady-state and transient modes as well as frequency domain including specific features of the perovskite materials such as mobile ions, combined with a broad variety of device characterization experiments. As a salient feature, advanced optimization algorithms are used for reliable parameter extraction and opto-electronic device optimization purposes in both single junction and tandem solar cell architectures.
Accurate mobility determination is essential to model and improve the efficiency of organic solar cells. A frequently
used method to determine charge carrier mobilities is called CELIV(charge extraction by a linearly
increasing voltage). In this technique a voltage ramp is applied to the device in order to extract the free charge
carriers inside the cell. With an extended method called photo-CELIV the free charge carriers are first generated
by a short laser pulse and are then extracted after an adjustable time. To analyse the experiment analytical
formulas are used.
We simulate the CELIV and photo-CELIV method with a fully coupled electro-optical model. Our numerical
model allows us to reveal the limitations of analytical expressions used to analyse CELIV transients. The
influence of the mobility, the series resistance, the voltage slope and the illumination intensity on the CELIV
transients are studied. We show that using the analytical formulas only the order of magnitude of the mobility
can be determined.
We also perform CELIV measurements on organic bulk heterojunction solar cells based on a PT5DPP:PCBMC70
blend. By fitting the numerical simulation to the measured transients we extract charge carrier mobilities, the
recombination efficiency and the series resistance.
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