Prof. Mauro Masili Profile

Prof. Mauro Masili

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Area of Expertise:

Solar spectrum simulation , Sunglasses , UV standards

Publications (4)

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Proceedings Article | 19 February 2020 Paper

UV and blue light protection on sunglasses after aging process

Liliane Ventura, Mauro Masili

Proceedings Volume 11218, 112181Q (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543071

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Transmittance, Standards development, Solar radiation, Optical filters, Sun, Surface plasmons, Mirrors, Safety, Eye

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Most sunglasses standards require ultraviolet protection from 280 nm – 380 nm to ensure the limits for effective spectrally weighted radiant exposure. They are a mirror of ISO 12312-1 and do not consider UV-A upper limit as 400 nm. Some standards have extended the UV-A limit, however, none of them considers the World Health Organization safe limits for unweighted radiant exposure: ultraviolet radiant exposure in the spectral region 180 nm – 400 nm incident upon the unprotected eye(s) should not exceed 30 J/m² effective spectrally weighted (based on the actinic spectra), and the total (unweighted) ultraviolet radiant exposure in the spectral region 315 nm to 400 nm should not exceed 10 kJ/m2. Calculations of these limits were performed for 27 Brazilian state capitals, and they led to a change in the upper UV-A limit to 400 nm on the 2013 review of the Brazilian standard NBR 15111:2013. Moreover, because the sunlight irradiance in Brazil is quite high, integration over the 280 nm – 400 nm range yields an ultraviolet radiant exposure (spectrally weighted) that is an average of 49% greater than that for the 280 nm – 380 nm range. Additionally, the unweighted ultraviolet radiant exposures are over the limit. Ultraviolet radiant exposure is latitude dependent. Brazil exceeds the limit of unweighted radiant exposure on average 40% – 50%. Europe and the US have a similar scenario and exceed around 40%. Furthermore, despite the blue light hazards mentioned in the literature, there are no limits whatsoever established on any sunglasses standards, and our calculations show that not only they exceed the safety limits, but they should also be included on the standards.

Proceedings Article | 19 February 2018 Paper

Solar exposure of sunglasses: aging test display

L. Gomes, L. Ventura, M. Masili, F. Silva, G. Momesso

Proceedings Volume 10474, 104741N (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2288839

KEYWORDS: Lenses, Ultraviolet radiation, Sensors, Transmittance, Standards development, Sun, Solar radiation, Computer aided design, Humidity, Data processing

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In previous studies conducted in our lab, we have been investigating the aging effects on sunglasses. Some preliminary results have been indicating changes on the UV protection on the lenses. Therefore, besides irradiating the samples with a proper sun simulator, we have also been concerned on exposing the sunglasses to natural sun for further investigation and comparisons. Thus, this project aims expose the lenses for 24 months using an automatic solar exposition station, which consists of a series of 5 panels, housing 60 lenses arranged in the vertical position to the ground, which will be irradiated by the sun from sunrise until sunset. A box structure moves along a rail, driven by a motor and then the lenses are exposed. Humidity, rain, temperature, dust and UV index sensors, as well as a video camera are part of the system. The exposure time and UV index will be recorded and automatic opening or closing the box system may also be controlled by a PC using a webserver. The system was tested in working conditions, i.e. exposed to the weather and being automatically controlled, for five months to certifying that the samples could be exposed without being damaged. The next step of the research is to start the exposition cycles and to measure the expected transmittance variations after each cycle.

Proceedings Article | 28 February 2014 Paper

UV protection for sunglasses: revisiting the standards

Liliane Ventura, Mauro Masili, Homero Schiabel

Proceedings Volume 8930, 89301E (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2036639

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Sun, Transmittance, Standards development, Lamps, Surface plasmons, Optical filters, Solar radiation, Ozone, Lenses

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In a continuing work of establishing safe limits for UV protection on sunglasses, we have estimated the incident UV radiation for the 280 nm – 400 nm range for 5500 locations in Brazil. Current literature establishes safe limits regarding ultraviolet radiation exposure in the spectral region 180nm–400nm for weighted and unweighted UV radiant exposure. British Standard BSEN1836(2005) and American Standard ANZI Z80.3(2009) require the UV protection in the spectral range 280nm–380nm, and The Brazilian Standard for sunglasses protection, NBR15111(20013), currently requires protection for the 280nm – 400nm range as established by literature. However, none of them take into account the total (unweighted) UVA radiant exposure.Calculations of these limits have been made for 5500 Brazilian locations which included the geographic position of the city; altitude, inclination angle of the Earth; typical atmospheric data (ozone column; water vapor and others) as well as scattering from concrete, grass, sand, water, etc.. Furthermore, regarding UV safety for the ocular media, the resistance to irradiance test required on this standard of irradiating the lenses for 25 continuous hours with a 450W sunlight simulator leads to a correspondence of 26 hours and 10 minutes of continuous exposure to the Sun. Moreover, since the sun irradiance in Brazil is quite large, integrations made for the 280-400 nm range shows an average of 45% of greater ultraviolet radiant exposure than for the 280-380 nm range. Suggestions on the parameters of these tests are made in order to establish safe limits according to the UV irradiance in Brazil.

Proceedings Article | 26 March 2013 Paper

Ocular UV protection: revisiting safe limits for sunglasses standards

Liliane Ventura, Mauro Masili, Homero Schiabel

Proceedings Volume 8567, 85671K (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2000355

KEYWORDS: Ultraviolet radiation, Sun, Transmittance, Lamps, Standards development, Surface plasmons, Ozone, Optical filters, Nonionizing radiation, Earth's atmosphere

Read Abstract +

The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) establishes that the safe limits regarding ultraviolet radiation exposure in the spectral region 180nm–400nm incident upon the unprotected eye(s) should not exceed 30 Jm^-2 effective spectrally weighted (spectral weighting factors are provided by ICNIRP); and the total (unweighted) ultraviolet radiant exposure in the spectral region 315nm–400nm should not exceed 10⁴ Jm^-2. However, it should be considered that the spectral range from 180nm–280nm does not reach the surface of the Earth, since it is absorbed by the ozone layer of the atmosphere. The Brazilian Standard for sunglasses protection, NBR15111(2004), as well as the British Standard BSEN1836(2005) and American Standard ANZI Z80.3(2009), requires the UV protection in the spectral range 280nm–380nm, but does not take into account the total (unweighted) UVA radiant exposure. These limits are discussed in this work and calculations have been made for 27 state capitals of Brazil to understand the limits that should be involved in order to protect the eyes of the Brazilian population. These calculations and considerations may be extended to other countries as well. As a conclusion, we show that the upper limit for the UVA protection of 400nm should be included in the Brazilian standard, as well as the irradiance limits. Furthermore, the parameters for the resistance to irradiance test required on the Brazilian standard are also discussed herein as well the significance of this test. We show that the test should be performed by the sun simulator for a longer period than currently required.

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