The longitudinal mode distribution in the self-mode-locked (SML) laser with flexible reflectivity and a tilted mirror is investigated. First, the longitudinal mode characteristics of the SML laser are analyzed theoretically. Then by employing an intracavity etalon, the output mirror with different parameters is used for longitudinal mode manipulation in experimental research. By varying the reflectivity and tilting the output mirror, the longitudinal mode grouping and spectral shifting are observed. The experimental results show that, when the output mirror reflectivity decreases from 95% to 60%, the transmission peak linewidth of the intracavity etalon becomes narrower, and the number of the longitudinal mode selected by each transmission peak decreases from a maximum of 7 to a minimum of 1. When output mirror is tilted by +0.03 deg and −0.03 deg, the longitudinal mode wavelengths redshift and blueshift by 0.02 nm. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory.
We present an intensity-balanced dual-frequency laser (DFL) based on an Nd: GdVO4 microchip crystal. The intensity balance ratio tuning mechanism of the DFL, which is governed by the heat sink temperature Tc of the laser crystal, is experimentally studied. The experimental results indicate that keeping a balanced intensity condition, when the pumping power of the DFL increases, the heat sink temperature Tc of the laser crystal must be lowered to rebalance the DFL signal intensities. The Tc versus pumping power slope is experimentally measured to be −17.95 ° C / W. By fixing the pumping power at 5.6 W, an intensity-balanced microchip DFL with output power up to 103 mW and frequency separation up to 61 GHz is achieved, whose slope efficiency is 9%.
A stable multiwavelength semiconductor amplifier (SOA) fiber laser using a nonlinear fiber loop mirror (NOLM) and a Lyot–Sagnac loop mirror is presented and experimentally demonstrated. The Lyot–Sagnac loop mirror serves as a wavelength selection device, and the wavelength spacing is controlled by the length of polarization-maintained fiber (PMF). The NOLM serves as a power equalizer to achieve power equalization and improve stability. Moreover, the NOLM can also suppress the mode competition effect within homogenous broadening linewidth of SOA. Multiwavelength output with power equality has been achieved at room temperature, with no obvious power fluctuation. The number of lasing lines is 31 within the 10-dB bandwidth, and the wavelength spacing is 0.63 nm. In addition, the average optical signal-to-noise ratio is up to 25.15 dB. Finally, narrower wavelength spacing is obtained by increasing the length of the PMF.
We have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a compact temperature sensor based on cascaded fiber Sagnac interferometer (FSI) and fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (FFPI) with Vernier effect. The FSI is composed of a certain length of panda polarization-maintaining fiber and a 3-dB four-port coupler, whereas FFPI consists of two collimators and a wave plate. Both are used for temperature sensing, but where FSI is more sensitive to temperature than FFPI, the free spectral ranges of the two interferometers differ by 0.12 nm. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity is increased from −1.7 nm / ° C (single FSI) and 0.008 nm/°C (single FPI) to 10.28 nm/°C (cascade configuration), which is basically consistent with the theoretical analysis (10.82 nm/°C).
KEYWORDS: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, Digital signal processing, Computer security, Single mode fibers, Passive optical networks, Chaos, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Legal, Receivers, Complex systems
To effectively resist malicious eavesdropping and performance deterioration, a novel chaos-based secure transmission scheme is proposed to enhance the physical layer security and reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network (OFDM-PON). By the randomly extracting operation of common CAZAC values, the specially-designed constant amplitude zero autocorrelation (CAZAC) is created for system encryption and PAPR reduction enhancing the transmission security. This method is verified in ~10-Gb/s encrypted OFDM-PON with 20-km fiber transmission. Results show that, compared to common OFDM-PON, our scheme achieves ~3-dB PAPR reduction and ~1-dB receiver sensitivity improvement.
The wavefront compensation effect of micro corner-cube-reflector arrays (MCCRAs) in modulating retroreflector (MRR) free-space optical (FSO) link is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Triangular aperture of MCCRAs has been optically characterized and studied in an indoor atmospheric turbulence channel. The use of the MCCRAs instead of a single corner-cube reflector (CCR) as the reflective device is found to improve dramatically the quality of the reflected beam spot. We draw a conclusion that the MCCRAs can in principle yield a powerful wavefront compensation in MRR FSO communication links.
We propose a physical-layer energy-efficient receiving method based on selective sampling in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access passive optical network (OFDMA-PON). By using the special designed frame head, the receiver within an optical network unit (ONU) can identify the destination of the incoming frame. The receiver only samples at the time when the destination is in agreement with the ONU, while it stays in standby during the rest of the time. We clarify its feasibility through an experiment and analyze the downstream traffic delay by simulation. The results indicate that under limited delay conditions, ∼60% energy can be saved compared with the traditional receiving method in the OFDMA-PON system with 512 ONUs.
A survivable wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) with centralized protection scheme and colorless optical network units is proposed. The sideband channels generated via optical carrier suppression technique are used to carry both the downstream (DS) and the upstream (US) remodulated signals for two neighboring sub-PONs. By employing alternate path routing of sideband channels, the centralized protection scheme can provide reliable protection against any failure in feed fibers, remote node, and distribution fibers. The number of extra fibers is greatly reduced, and efficient utilization of wavelength resource is achieved. The feasibility of the proposed system is verified by 10-Gb/s DS and 1.25-Gb/s US signals over 25-km single-mode fiber transmission in both working and protection modes.
KEYWORDS: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, Telecommunications, Digital signal processing, Error analysis, Optical communications, Data transmission, Signal generators, Receivers, Channel projecting optics, Fiber optic communications
Pilot pattern and pilot density are often used for channel estimation in optical/electronic orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) systems. To enhance the performance of the channel estimation of OFDM systems, the
transmission of the OFDM signals is experimentally investigated via different pilot tone arrangements for effective
channel estimation. Three types of pilot patterns (comb-type, block-type and incline-type) are used to evaluate the output
OFDM signal in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM), based on the most commonly adopted low complexity Least
Square (LS) channel estimation algorithm. It has been shown that, the pilot insertion will definitely improve the quality
of the transmitted OFDM signals up to 6 dB in EVM. The best channel estimation is obtained by the block-type pilot
pattern, which gives nearly 1dB gain in EVM compared with the other two patterns, implying the measured channel of
the electronic cable is relatively quasi-static.
KEYWORDS: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, Modulation, Signal to noise ratio, Monte Carlo methods, Receivers, Telecommunications, Optical communications, Passive optical networks, MATLAB, Computer programming
A new symbol timing synchronization scheme based on a tailored training sequence is proposed and implemented in
direct modulation and direct detection optical OFDM PON (DM-DD OFDM PON) systems. This tailored training
sequence is added in front of OFDM data symbols. By using the received signal correlation operation, receiver calculates
the peak value of metrics to achieve accurate symbol timing synchronization. The performance of this new timing
synchronization scheme is presented by simulation and experiment. The results show that the proposed scheme has high
synchronization accuracy and is suit for DM-DD OFDM PON system.
We design a greedy scheduling algorithm for resource assignment in OFDMA-PON, which makes one of the best
choices at every step. The proposed algorithm demonstrates high channel utilization and less Total Grant Time.
A sensitivity-enhanced optical fiber refractive index sensor based on inline Mach-Zehnder interferometer is proposed.
The sensor head is formed by splicing a tapered thin-core diameter fiber between two sections of single mode fibers. The
taper (less than 1 mm) plays an important role in improving the sensitivity of the sensor. The sensitivity of refractive
index is measured to be 0.447 nm for a 1% change of refractive index in the typical refractive index range of 1.333-
1.3725. The whole fabrication process (including splicing and tapering) can be operated by a commercial fiber splicing
machine. The proposed sensor also shows the merits of simple structure, low cost, and easy fabrication.
We present a novel upstream multiwavelength shared ethernet passive optical network architecture, based on a proposed self-seeding Fabry-Pérot laser diode (FP-LD) at the optical network unit. The performances of the wavelength and power stability, side-mode suppression ratio, and tuning range for the proposed tunable self-seeding laser module are experimentally investigated. The bit-error-rate measurement is performed with direct modulation on FP-LD of 1.25 Gbps upstream data. The performance benefits from the upstream wavelengths sharing are showed via simulations.
We propose a simple configuration of wavelength-tunable self-seeding Fabry-Perot fiber laser at ONUs for upstream
transmission in hybrid WDM/TDM PON. The performances of the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR), tuning range,
wavelength and power stability for the proposed laser module are experimentally investigated. The performance benefits
from the upstream wavelengths sharing are showed via simulations.
The Hybrid WDM/TDM PON, which combines Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) with TDM technology, is
presented as a promising solution for the next generation of optical access network. To realize the statistical multiplexing
of upstream wavelength resources, some optical tunable components are introduced in the optical network unit (ONU).
However, switch latency (SL) of these components is an important parameter that will constrain the performance of
Hybrid WDM/TDM PON. In this paper, we for the first time demonstrate and analyze the effect of channel switch
latency (SL) based on the extended WDM IPACT scheme via simulations. The simulation results show that the
performance such as delay, packet lost ratio, queue length and utilization will be constrained by SL, and the
WDM-IPACT-SL can adaptively adjust the channel switch time according to the different SL so as to reduce the
degeneration of the network performance in the practical applications of. Hybrid WDM/TDM PON
A fiber sensor configuration suitable for simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain is investigated. The sensor
consists of a high-birefringence fiber loop mirror concatenating with an erbium-doped fiber. The high-birefringence fiber
used in the configuration is capsule shaped polarization maintaining fiber, which serves as the sensor element. While the
erbium-doped fiber acts as the temperature compensation module. By monitoring the peak power variation and peak
wavelength shift, it is feasible to simultaneously measure temperature and strain. The experimental results show that the
mean square errors for temperature and stain are 0.35°C and 13.34με, respectively. The proposed sensor configuration
shows several merits, including simple in structure, easy fabrication, low cost and high sensitivity.
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