Improving the sensitivity of mammograms in breast cancer screening has increased the detection of suspicious findings such as calcifications and masses at the cost of a high false positive rate (55-85%). Additionally, the diagnostic interpretation of biopsies varies (75.3% concordance), leading to suboptimal treatments and poor patient outcomes. The goal of this pilot study is to investigate whether the chemical composition of breast calcifications, present in more than 80% of mammograms, can be used to improve breast lesion classification. We hypothesized that the spatial and compositional variation of breast calcifications strongly correlates with breast malignancy. To test this hypothesis, we used an advanced Raman imaging technique called hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (hsSRS) microscopy to study 12 patient cases (30 calcifications). We characterized unique Raman signatures of type I (calcium oxalate) and type II (calcium hydroxyapatite) calcifications in archival breast tissue at high speed and spatial resolution with hsSRS microscopy. We found that the carbonation level of hydroxyapatite decreases when comparing benign and atypical ductal hyperplasia. However, the average carbonation of hydroxyapatite was highly variable in fibroadenoma cases (3±0.6%) and DCIS (4±1.1%). In the case of DCIS, the carbonation of hydroxyapatite varied relative to the grade and the neoplastic microenvironment (nearby inflammation, necrosis, and more.) In high-grade DCIS, the carbonation was lowest around the periphery where the contact with neoplastic cells was present. Our preliminary results indicate that microcalcifications change with the neoplastic microenvironment. Further studies of neoplastic progression in association with microcalcifications can improve the statistical value of the correlation.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.