This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing an integrated assembly of accurate and robust simulation tools for intelligent structures. Limitations of existing numerical models and cost associated with experimental models motivated this research. The emphasis is placed on the incorporation of structural analysis, plant modeling, control algorithm synthesis, optimization and performance evaluation into a single software package. The present paper includes finite element formulation of a coupled electromechanical smart structure with piezoelectric sensors and actuators, implementation of control design and evaluation of candidate control laws on the basis of finite element discretization. The discretized model predicts both mechanical and electrical responses due to the electromechanical loading and generates sensor output equations. An optimal independent modal space control is implemented and a rudimentary finite element-control package is developed to evaluate the performance of candidate control laws.
A general formulation for coupled thermomechanical shape memory alloys is presented in the context of the finite element method. AN internal variable formalism is adopted for the evolution of the martensite fraction at the microstructural level. In particular the response of material under partial loading/unloading conditions at various temperature ranges is modeled. An isothermal fractional-step method is utilized for the solution of the coupled problem, in which the development and implementation of the mechanical and thermal parts of the problem are discussed. In this report our attention is restricted to the area of geometrically linear quasi-static problems. Specifically, we investigate the proposed formulation in the setting of a truss element and show its extension to multiple dimensions. Representative numerical simulations of full and partial load cycles show favorable performance of the formulation, for all admissible regions in stress- temperature space.
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