In this paper, we proposed a multipurpose graphene all-optical sensor based on the nonlinear effect in a multimode interference (MMI) coupler. The use of a graphene as a core for this device is because of its high optical nonlinearity value and thin layer which makes its bandgap relatively small. Graphene also has a lot of great characteristics to be used as sensor material such as high thermal and electric conductivity, light yet durable and also almost transparent due to its being a single layer atom. The graphene will be sandwiched with a substrate that have a varying value of refractive index. By changing the refractive value of the substrate, an external wave will interact with the input waveguide thus lead to a change in the intensity of the output waveguide which will be analysis for the sensor output. The result shows the high distinguished changes on modal expansion and output distribution in various refractive indices of surrounding layer.
The objective of this study is to propose and introduce nonlinear modal propagation analysis (NMPA) method being a
viable way to study the application of graphene based multimode interference (MMI) coupler as an optical refractive
index sensor. The purpose of using graphene in this study is because of its high optical nonlinearity as well as having a
small bandgap due to its thin layer. The graphene based sensor can be tuned for highest sensitivity in wavelength and
refractive index to detect the clad material. Graphene will act as the core of the sensor which will be placed on top of the
sample. The clad refractive index value can be obtained by observing and analyzing the change in the output facet
intensity of the sensor. The result also shows that the sensor has high sensitivity due to the usage of graphene and
nonlinear region.
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