High-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) has been shown to be a promising alternative to fMRI for mapping cortical hemodynamics in young healthy adults. HD-DOT imaging can be more precise when coupled with subject specific head models rather than generic atlas-based head models. While MRI-derived head models are commonly used, in some patient groups including subjects with metal and/or electrical implants, only CT images can be obtained. In this study, we developed a CT-based head modeling pipeline and demonstrated the feasibility of improved mapping of brain responses to tasks compared to a generic atlas-based head-model.
Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventro-intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM) can provide substantial clinical motor benefit to Essential Tremor (ET) patients. However, the DBS impact on the functional connectivity (FC) of networks is difficult to study using standard neuroimaging modalities either due to limited temporal resolution (PET) or safety concerns from contraindications (fMRI). In this study, we tested the feasibility and sensitivity of High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography (HD-DOT), which avoids these concerns, for mapping cortical blood flow responses to sensory stimuli and measuring resting state cortical FC in ET patients with VIM DBS OFF vs ON.
Current gold standard neuroimaging tools lack either necessary temporal resolution (PET) or optimal safety due to contraindications (fMRI) for measuring the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) in Parkinson disease (PD). In this study, we validate the feasibility of High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography (HD-DOT) for mapping the cortical activity of the PD patients with their STN DBS ON and OFF during auditory and visual tasks and during resting state.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) reduces motor symptoms in most patients with Parkinson disease (PD), yet may produce untoward effects. Investigation of DBS effects requires accurate localization of the STN, which can be difficult to identify on magnetic resonance images collected with clinically available 3T scanners. The goal of this study is to develop a high-quality STN atlas that can be applied to standard 3T images. We created a high-definition STN atlas derived from seven older participants imaged at 7T. This atlas was nonlinearly registered to a standard template representing 56 patients with PD imaged at 3T. This process required development of methodology for nonlinear multimodal image registration. We demonstrate mm-scale STN localization accuracy by comparison of our 3T atlas with a publicly available 7T atlas. We also demonstrate less agreement with an earlier histological atlas. STN localization error in the 56 patients imaged at 3T was less than 1 mm on average. Our methodology enables accurate STN localization in individuals imaged at 3T. The STN atlas and underlying 3T average template in MNI space are freely available to the research community. The image registration methodology developed in the course of this work may be generally applicable to other datasets.
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