SignificanceEsophageal cancer is becoming increasingly prevalent in Western countries. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Multimodal imaging combining optical coherence tomography (OCT) with complementary optical imaging techniques may provide enhanced diagnostic capabilities by simultaneously assessing tissue morphology and biochemical content.AimWe aim to develop a tethered capsule endoscope (TCE) that can accommodate a variety of point-scanning techniques in addition to OCT without requiring design iterations on the optical or mechanical design.ApproachWe propose a TCE utilizing exclusively reflective optics to focus and steer light from and to a double-clad fiber. Specifically, we use an ellipsoidal mirror to achieve finite conjugation between the fiber tip and the imaging plane.ResultsWe demonstrate a functional all-reflective TCE. We first detail the design, fabrication, and assembly steps required to obtain such a device. We then characterize its performance and demonstrate combined OCT at 1300 nm and visible spectroscopic imaging in the 500- to 700-nm range. Finally, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the proposed design.ConclusionsAn all-reflective TCE is feasible and allows for achromatic high-quality imaging. Such a device could be utilized as a platform for testing various combinations of modalities to identify the optimal candidates without requiring design iterations.
We demonstrate an all-reflective tethered capsule endoscope (RTCE) utilizing double-clad fiber and reflective optics for achromatic multimodal imaging of the esophagus. This device uses a custom ellipsoidal mirror to focus the light from the fiber tip onto the sample. In this work, we first describe key design parameters and highlight important assembly steps. We then demonstrate several data processing/analysis methods for signal multiplexing, rotation stabilization, and image analysis. Finally, we demonstrate the implementation of the capsule by performing combined OCT and spectral imaging in ex-vivo biological samples.
We demonstrate a tethered capsule endoscope (TCE), which uses double-clad fiber and reflective optics for multimodal imaging in the esophagus without undesirable chromatic effects, such as focal shifts or back-reflections. We use a single, custom ellipsoidal mirror to focus the light from the fiber tip onto the sample. We describe the mechanical and optical designs and the fabrication and assembly protocols necessary for optimal performance. We demonstrate the implementation of the capsule by performing combined optical coherence tomography and spectral imaging in ex-vivo esophagus.
We present a bi-modal bench-top system combining OCT with broadband, single-fiber reflectance spectroscopy. This combination aims to address the limited molecular sensitivity of standard OCT imaging in order to obtain co-registered morphological and molecular information. We present various technical innovations for this work, including an all-reflective scanner head with adaptive optic components for focus scanning and reduction of field curvature. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of specialty fiber components to obtain multiple illumination schemes for the spectroscopic channel and enhance the spatially resolved reconstruction of optical properties.
Optical imaging of whole animals or animal organs is a rapidly growing field in translational research revealing the molecular events underlying disease and disease treatment mechanisms in cardiovascular, cancer and neurological research. Here we present a custom-built imaging system for visualisation of 3D distribution of fluorescent markers with high-resolution tissue structure and vasculature network images of small animals or whole organs.
The 3D Fluorescence Imaging Cryomicrotome System (3D-FICS) yields comprehensive structural and functional biological information by combining fluorescence remittance imaging. Moreover, the 3D-FICS is adapted to record large series of high-resolution images (2048 x 2048 pixels, with a selectable resolution of 27, 16 and 8μm, corresponding to a FOV of 53, 31 and 16mm) of the bulk tissue remaining in the cryomicrotome in a fully automated manner. All components are controlled through custom software (Labview) to enable fully automated serial cutting and imaging sessions. To ensure 3D reconstructions with isotropic voxels, the slice thickness of the cryomicrotome is set to match the imaging resolution of the camera.
Wavelength-selective illumination of the tissue is carried out using a Supercontinuum laser in conjunction with a tunable bandpass filter (400nm - 830nm) with a tunable bandwidth (5nm - 100nm) Similarly, a tunable emission filter (440nm - 800nm) with a bandwidth ranging from 11nm to 15nm is used for spectrally-resolved imaging of the fluorescent tracers injected in the specimen.
The 3D-FICS will be used in experimental studies on small animal organs from which we will present the first obtained images.
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